Andrew Jubilee, Ezra-Manicum Amanda-Lee, Witika Bwalya Angel
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, 0208, South Africa.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology (Arcadia Campus), Pretoria, South Africa.
EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem. 2024 Aug 24;9(1):62. doi: 10.1186/s41181-024-00295-7.
Prostate Cancer (PCa) is the second most diagnosed urological cancer among men worldwide. Conventional methods used for diagnosis of PCa have several pitfalls which include lack of sensitivity and specificity. On the other hand, traditional treatment of PCa poses challenges such as long-term side effects and the development of multidrug resistance (MDR).
Hence, there is a need for novel PCa agents with the potential to lessen the burden of these adverse effects on patients. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising approach to support both early diagnosis and effective treatment of tumours by ensuring precise delivery of the drug to the targeted site of the disease. Most cancer-related biological processes occur on the nanoscale hence application of nanotechnology has been greatly appreciated and implemented in the management and therapeutics of cancer. Nuclear medicine plays a significant role in the non-invasive diagnosis and treatment of PCa using appropriate radiopharmaceuticals. This review aims to explore the different radiolabelled nanomaterials to enhance the specific delivery of imaging and therapeutic agents to cancer cells. Thereafter, the review appraises the advantages and disadvantages of these modalities and then discusses and outlines the benefits of radiolabelled nanomaterials in targeting cancerous prostatic tumours. Moreover, the nanoradiotheranostic approaches currently developed for PCa are discussed and finally the prospects of combining radiopharmaceuticals with nanotechnology in improving PCa outcomes will be highlighted.
Nanomaterials have great potential, but safety and biocompatibility issues remain. Notwithstanding, the combination of nanomaterials with radiotherapeutics may improve patient outcomes and quality of life.
前列腺癌（PCa）是全球男性中第二大最常被诊断出的泌尿系统癌症。用于诊断PCa的传统方法存在一些缺陷，包括缺乏敏感性和特异性。另一方面，PCa的传统治疗带来了诸如长期副作用和多药耐药性（MDR）发展等挑战。
因此，需要有新型的PCa药物，有可能减轻这些不良反应对患者的负担。纳米技术已成为一种有前景的方法，通过确保将药物精确递送至疾病的靶向部位，来支持肿瘤的早期诊断和有效治疗。大多数与癌症相关的生物学过程发生在纳米尺度，因此纳米技术的应用在癌症的管理和治疗中得到了高度认可和应用。核医学在使用合适的放射性药物对PCa进行非侵入性诊断和治疗中发挥着重要作用。本综述旨在探索不同的放射性标记纳米材料，以增强成像和治疗剂向癌细胞的特异性递送。此后，本综述评估了这些方式的优缺点，然后讨论并概述了放射性标记纳米材料在靶向前列腺癌肿瘤方面的益处。此外，还讨论了目前为PCa开发的纳米放射治疗诊断方法，最后将强调放射性药物与纳米技术相结合在改善PCa治疗结果方面的前景。
纳米材料具有巨大潜力，但安全性和生物相容性问题仍然存在。尽管如此，纳米材料与放射治疗的结合可能会改善患者的治疗结果和生活质量。
