College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Center for Balanced Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
J Environ Manage. 2024 Sep;368:122263. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122263. Epub 2024 Aug 23.
Currently, protected areas cover approximately 14% of the Earth's land surface, yet 12.2% of the world's bird species remain unprotected by any designated areas and face significant threats. This study investigates the current status of bird conservation in China, aiming to evaluate the effectiveness of existing protected areas, analyze why certain bird species are not adequately protected, and propose strategies for optimizing protected area configurations. Utilizing citizen science data and the zonation optimization algorithm, we comprehensively assessed the conservation value of birds in China. We then employed anthropogenic stressor data to evaluate the conservation of threatened bird habitats through a binary conflict intensity model. Finally, we conducted a spatial overlap analysis to determine the coverage and effectiveness of Chinese nature reserves in regions with high conservation value and high conflict risk. Our findings indicate that only 10.0% of the highest conservation value bird habitats are covered by protected areas, and just 7.3% of these protected areas effectively safeguard these critical habitats. Additionally, only 5.9% of bird habitats impacted by human activity conflicts are within protected areas, and merely 22.0% of the total protected areas can effectively conserve high conflict risk habitats. Overall, China's current protected area system has substantial shortcomings in safeguarding bird habitats and requires further optimization and expansion to maximize conservation benefits.
目前，保护区覆盖了地球表面约 14%的陆地面积，但仍有 12.2%的鸟类物种没有受到任何指定区域的保护，面临着重大威胁。本研究调查了中国鸟类保护的现状，旨在评估现有保护区的有效性，分析为什么某些鸟类物种没有得到充分保护，并提出优化保护区配置的策略。我们利用公民科学数据和分区优化算法，全面评估了中国鸟类的保护价值。然后，我们利用人为压力源数据，通过二元冲突强度模型评估受威胁鸟类栖息地的保护情况。最后，我们进行了空间重叠分析，以确定中国自然保护区在高保护价值和高冲突风险地区的覆盖范围和有效性。我们的研究结果表明，只有 10.0%的具有最高保护价值的鸟类栖息地被保护区覆盖，而只有 7.3%的保护区有效地保护了这些关键栖息地。此外，只有 5.9%受到人类活动冲突影响的鸟类栖息地位于保护区内，而只有 22.0%的保护区可以有效地保护高冲突风险的栖息地。总体而言，中国目前的保护区系统在保护鸟类栖息地方面存在重大缺陷，需要进一步优化和扩大，以最大限度地发挥保护效益。
