College of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2023 Jun;34(6):1621-1629. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202306.009.
Due to the long-term disturbance of human activities, natural habitats in the high-intensity development areas have been seriously degraded, causing serious threat to local biodiversity. The conservation efficiency of natural reserves in these regions needs to be improved urgently. Scientific evaluation of conservation efficiency of nature reserves and identification of biodiversity conservation hotspots and conservation gaps in high-intensity development areas are of great significance to sustainable development of urbanization. With birds as the indicator group for biodiversity, we used MaxEnt and InVEST models to calculate the hot spots of bird diversity and habitat quality, and compared with current boundaries of protected areas in Tianjin to accurately identify the conservation gaps. The results showed that 228 bird species belonging to 54 families and 19 orders were recorded. All kinds of natural and artificial wetlands in the coastal area were the most suitable habitats for birds, accounting for 66.8% of bird diversity hotspots in Tianjin, and the artificial wetlands of reservoirs and fish ponds had high suitability as bird habitats due to sufficient food sources, which indicated that moderate anthropogenic interference would improve species diversity. The coverage rate of protected areas for bird diversity hotspots was only 37.7% in Tianjin, which indicated a serious conservation gap. The gaps mainly included wetlands in Dashentang and Lin'gang areas, the river junction and the estuary wetland, which should be planned as the key protected areas in the future. The method of collaborative analysis of the two models could improve the identification accuracy in detecting the conservation gaps and has certain universality for improving the efficiency of biodiversity conservation in high-intensity development areas.
由于人类活动的长期干扰，高强度开发区的自然生境已严重退化，对当地生物多样性造成严重威胁。这些地区自然保护区的保护效率亟待提高。对自然保护区保护效率进行科学评价，识别高强度开发区生物多样性保护热点和保护空缺，对城市可持续发展具有重要意义。以鸟类作为生物多样性的指示类群，利用 MaxEnt 和 InVEST 模型计算鸟类多样性和生境质量热点，并与天津市现行保护区边界进行对比，准确识别保护空缺。结果表明，共记录鸟类 228 种，隶属 54 科 19 目。沿海各种自然和人工湿地是鸟类最适宜的栖息地，占天津鸟类多样性热点的 66.8%，由于食物充足，水库和鱼塘的人工湿地作为鸟类栖息地具有较高的适宜性，这表明适度的人为干扰会提高物种多样性。天津鸟类多样性热点的保护区覆盖率仅为 37.7%，这表明存在严重的保护空缺。这些空缺主要包括大澥塘和临港地区、河流交汇处和河口湿地，未来应将这些地区规划为重点保护区。两种模型协同分析的方法可以提高检测保护空缺的识别精度，对提高高强度开发区生物多样性保护效率具有一定的普遍性。
