Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
J Environ Sci (China). 2025 Mar;149:57-67. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.09.009. Epub 2023 Sep 16.
Size-fractionated particulate matter (PM and PM) was collected at a traffic site in Kanazawa, Japan in a seasonal sampling work in 2020. Nine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (4- to 6-ring PAHs) were determined in fine and coarse particles. The gas/particle partitioning coefficients (K) of the PAHs were calculated from the supercooled liquid vapour pressure and octanol-air partitioning coefficient based on the relationships obtained in previous traffic pollution-related studies. Gaseous PAHs were estimated by K and the concentrations of PM and particulate PAHs. The concentrations of total PAHs were 32.5, 320.1 and 5646.2 pg/m in the PM, PM and gas phases, respectively. Significant seasonal trends in PAHs were observed (particle phase: lowest in summer, gas phase: lowest in spring, particle and gas phase: lowest in spring). Compared to 2019, the total PAH concentrations (in particles) decreased in 2020, especially in spring and summer, which might be due to reduced traffic trips during the COVID-19 outbreak. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) calculated from the toxic equivalent concentrations relative to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was lower than the acceptable limit issued by the US Environmental Protection Agency, indicating a low cancer risk in long-term exposure to current PAH levels. It is notable that gaseous PAHs considerably contributed to BaP and ILCR (over 50%), which highlighted the significance of gaseous PAH monitoring for public health protection. This low-cost estimation method for gaseous PAHs can be expected to reliably and conveniently obtain PAH concentrations as a surrogate for traditional sampling in the future work.
在 2020 年的一项季节性采样工作中，在日本金泽的一个交通站点采集了分粒径颗粒物（PM 和 PM）。在细颗粒物和粗颗粒物中测定了 9 种多环芳烃（4-6 环 PAHs）。根据先前与交通污染相关研究中获得的关系，从过冷液体蒸气压和辛醇-空气分配系数计算了 PAHs 的气/粒分配系数（K）。通过 K 和 PM 和颗粒状 PAHs 的浓度估算气态 PAHs。PM、PM 和气相中的总 PAHs 浓度分别为 32.5、320.1 和 5646.2 pg/m。观察到 PAHs 存在显著的季节性趋势（颗粒物相：夏季最低，气相：春季最低，颗粒物相和气相：春季最低）。与 2019 年相比，2020 年总 PAH（颗粒相）浓度降低，尤其是在春季和夏季，这可能是由于 COVID-19 爆发期间交通出行减少所致。相对于苯并[a]芘（BaP）计算的毒性等效浓度的增量终生癌症风险（ILCR）低于美国环境保护署发布的可接受限值，表明在当前 PAH 水平下长期暴露的癌症风险较低。值得注意的是，气态 PAHs 对 BaP 和 ILCR 的贡献相当大（超过 50%），这突出了监测气态 PAHs 对保护公众健康的重要性。这种用于估算气态 PAHs 的低成本方法有望在未来的工作中可靠且方便地获得 PAH 浓度，作为传统采样的替代方法。
