Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2024 Aug 24;14(1):19681. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-70162-7.
Pregnancy as a sensitive period has a critical effect on the mother and infant's life. It is well understood that dietary habits and mother awareness can improve health status and prevent pregnancy complications such as gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, and nausea and vomiting. The current study was conducted to investigate the association between dietary habits and self-care behaviors with pregnancy complications. This cross-sectional study was conducted across 300 pregnant women in their third trimester referred to healthcare centers and Yas hospital in Tehran, Iran. Dietary habits and self-care behaviors were assessed by valid and reliable questionnaires. Dietary intake and physical activity were evaluated using valid and reliable Food Frequency Questionnaires and Pregnancy Physical Activity questionnaires, respectively. Women with self-care behaviors had a lower rate of pre-eclampsia (P = 0.9). Regarding food habits, pregnant women who ate their meals faster had a non-significantly higher rate of gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia. Pregnant women who consumed red meat on a daily frequency had a significantly higher rate of nausea and vomiting (OR 1.85; 95% CI 1.05-3.28, P = 0.03). Also, there was a significant positive association between the mother's pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia [(OR 2.03; 95% CI 1.03-3.98, P = 0.03) and (OR 4.23; 95% CI 1.12-16.0, P = 0.03) respectively]. There was no significant association between pregnant women's dietary habits and GDM and pre-eclampsia. However, pregnant women with pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity had increased odds of gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia significantly.
妊娠是一个敏感时期，对母婴的生命有重要影响。人们已经充分认识到，饮食习惯和自我保健意识可以改善健康状况，预防妊娠并发症，如妊娠期糖尿病、子痫前期、恶心和呕吐。本研究旨在探讨饮食习惯和自我保健行为与妊娠并发症的关系。本横断面研究在伊朗德黑兰的医疗保健中心和 Yas 医院对 300 名处于妊娠晚期的孕妇进行，采用有效且可靠的问卷评估饮食习惯和自我保健行为。采用有效且可靠的食物频率问卷和妊娠体力活动问卷评估饮食摄入和身体活动。有自我保健行为的女性子痫前期发生率较低（P=0.9）。关于饮食习惯，进餐速度较快的孕妇患有妊娠期糖尿病和子痫前期的风险略高，但无统计学意义。每天食用红肉的孕妇恶心和呕吐的发生率显著较高（OR 1.85；95%CI 1.05-3.28，P=0.03）。此外，母亲孕前 BMI 与妊娠期糖尿病和子痫前期呈显著正相关[（OR 2.03；95%CI 1.03-3.98，P=0.03）和（OR 4.23；95%CI 1.12-16.0，P=0.03）]。孕妇的饮食习惯与 GDM 和子痫前期无显著相关性。然而，孕前超重和肥胖的孕妇患有妊娠期糖尿病和子痫前期的风险显著增加。
