Department of Orthopedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China.
Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2024 Aug 25;53(4):443-449. doi: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2024-0220.
Basivertebral foramen is a natural orifice in the posterior wall of the vertebral body existing in humans and mammals, through which the basal vertebral vein, branch of lumbar artery and recurrent branch of spinal nerve enter and exit the vertebral body. Basivertebral foramen changes the local microstructure of the vertebral body, resulting in cortical defect and sparse trabecular bone in the central region of the vertebral body, thus affecting its biomechanical characteristics and making its central region a "weak" area of the vertebra. Some characteristic injuries of the vertebra are related to basivertebral foramen, such as vertebral compression fracture and intervertebral cleft, vertebral burst fracture and posterior upper vertebral fracture fragment, and cement leakage during treatment. In this article, the anatomical and developmental biological characteristics of basivertebral foramen, the impact of basivertebral foramen on biomechanical characteristics, and the treatment of basivertebral foramen related vertebral diseases are reviewed, in order to provide references for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of vertebral injuries.
椎基底静脉孔是椎体后壁的天然孔道，存在于人类和哺乳动物中，通过它，基底椎静脉、腰动脉分支和脊神经的返支进出椎体。椎基底静脉孔改变了椎体的局部微观结构，导致椎体中央区域皮质缺损和稀疏的小梁骨，从而影响其生物力学特性，使椎体中央区域成为“薄弱”区域。一些椎体的特征性损伤与椎基底静脉孔有关，如椎体压缩性骨折和椎间隙、椎体爆裂性骨折和后上椎体骨折块，以及治疗过程中的水泥渗漏。本文综述了椎基底静脉孔的解剖和发育生物学特征、椎基底静脉孔对生物力学特性的影响以及椎基底静脉孔相关椎体疾病的治疗，以期为椎体损伤的临床诊断和治疗提供参考。
