Staricoff Emily O, Evans Mark L
Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, UK.
Department of Medicine, Addenbrookes NIHR Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
Curr Opin Endocr Metab Res. 2022 Jun;24:100353. doi: 10.1016/j.coemr.2022.100353.
Maintenance of normal blood glucose is important for survival. In particular, brain function is dependent on circulating glucose. In health, a series of powerful counterregulatory defences operate to prevent/limit hypoglycaemia. These defences are altered to varying degrees in diabetes and in particular, a subset of people with diabetes can develop profound deficits in these defences placing them at increased risk of suffering episodes of severe hypoglycaemia. Brain is an important controller of glucose homeostasis and developments in molecular techniques have allowed the neurocircuitry of a number of important centrally-controlled homeostatic processes such as energy balance, thirst and thermoregulation to be defined. This review describes how some of these advances have allowed a better understanding of the neuronal/brain ensembles which help protect against hypoglycaemia.
维持正常血糖水平对生存至关重要。特别是，脑功能依赖于循环中的葡萄糖。在健康状态下，一系列强大的反调节防御机制会发挥作用以预防/限制低血糖。在糖尿病患者中，这些防御机制会发生不同程度的改变，尤其是一部分糖尿病患者在这些防御机制方面会出现严重缺陷，从而使他们发生严重低血糖发作的风险增加。大脑是葡萄糖稳态的重要调节者，分子技术的发展使得一些重要的中枢控制稳态过程（如能量平衡、口渴和体温调节）的神经回路得以明确。本综述描述了这些进展中的一些如何有助于更好地理解有助于预防低血糖的神经元/脑组群。
