Parker Samantha, Reichley Nya, Biello Katie B, Goldman Jacqueline, Buxton Jane A, Hadland Scott E, Sherman Susan G, Marshall Brandon D L, Macmadu Alexandria
Res Sq. 2024 Aug 16:rs.3.rs-4768821. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4768821/v1.
As in much of the United States, there have been significant increases in overdose deaths among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic/Latinx populations in Rhode Island over the past decade. Given the shifting dynamics of the overdose epidemic, there is an urgent need for focused interventions that address the specific needs of diverse communities. This study explores differences in drug use patterns, harm reduction behaviors and types and barriers to treatment by race and ethnicity. This study utilized baseline data from the Rhode Island Prescription and Illicit Drug Study (RAPIDS). We assessed sociodemographic characteristics, drug use patterns, harm reduction practices, treatment type, and barriers to treatment in a cross-sectional analysis of people who use drugs (PWUD), stratified by race and ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic other race, and Hispanic). Chi-square tests of independence and ANOVA tests were used to identify statistically significant differences by race and ethnicity. Among 509 participants, the median age was 43, and the majority were men (64%). Non-Hispanic Black participants reported significantly less regular use of unregulated opioids, such as heroin (10%) and fentanyl (12%), as compared to non-Hispanic white participants (39% and 33%, respectively). Non-Hispanic Black participants reported significantly less experience responding to overdoses: only 39% had ever administered naloxone and 34% had ever performed rescue breathing, as compared to 67% and 57% among non-Hispanic white participants, respectively. Despite significant differences in drug use patterns, there were few differences in harm reduction practices by race and ethnicity. Current treatment enrollment was highest among those who were non-Hispanic white (38%) and lowest among those who were non-Hispanic Black (7%). These findings suggest that there are differences in overdose response experience and treatment exposure between non-Hispanic Black PWUD and those belonging to other racial and ethnic groups, indicating a need for enhanced investment in overdose response education, naloxone distribution and treatment access for non-Hispanic Black PWUD.
与美国大部分地区一样，在过去十年中，罗德岛州非西班牙裔黑人和西班牙裔/拉丁裔人群的过量用药死亡人数大幅增加。鉴于过量用药流行趋势的变化，迫切需要有针对性的干预措施来满足不同社区的特定需求。本研究探讨了按种族和族裔划分的吸毒模式、减少伤害行为以及治疗类型和障碍方面的差异。本研究利用了罗德岛州处方和非法药物研究（RAPIDS）的基线数据。我们在对吸毒者（PWUD）的横断面分析中评估了社会人口特征、吸毒模式、减少伤害措施、治疗类型和治疗障碍，并按种族和族裔（非西班牙裔白人、非西班牙裔黑人、非西班牙裔其他种族和西班牙裔）进行分层。使用独立性卡方检验和方差分析来确定按种族和族裔划分的统计学显著差异。在509名参与者中，年龄中位数为43岁，大多数为男性（64%）。与非西班牙裔白人参与者（分别为39%和33%）相比，非西班牙裔黑人参与者报告的未受管制阿片类药物（如海洛因（10%）和芬太尼（12%））的常规使用率显著较低。非西班牙裔黑人参与者报告的应对过量用药的经验显著较少：只有39%的人曾使用过纳洛酮，34%的人曾进行过急救呼吸，而非西班牙裔白人参与者中这一比例分别为67%和57%。尽管吸毒模式存在显著差异，但按种族和族裔划分的减少伤害措施差异不大。目前接受治疗的比例在非西班牙裔白人中最高（38%），在非西班牙裔黑人中最低（7%）。这些发现表明，非西班牙裔黑人吸毒者与其他种族和族裔群体的吸毒者在过量用药应对经验和治疗机会方面存在差异，这表明需要加大对非西班牙裔黑人吸毒者的过量用药应对教育、纳洛酮分发和治疗机会的投入。
