Basnayake Pussepitiyalage Vindula, Chou Che-Yu, Harris Michael T, Loesch-Fries L Sue, Hemmati Shohreh
School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States.
Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.
ACS Omega. 2024 Aug 8;9(33):35420-35430. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01391. eCollection 2024 Aug 20.
The challenge of synthesizing noble metal nanostructures sustainably has encouraged researchers to explore biological routes for nanostructure production, such as biotemplating. Plant viruses with rod-shape morphology, such as tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV), offer promising biotemplates to produce metal nanorods. TMV and BSMV can be incubated in aqueous metal precursor solutions to mineralize metals on the coat proteins (CPs) of the viruses. Previous studies have primarily examined palladium (Pd) mineralization on TMV and BSMV using NaPdCl as the Pd precursor. There is limited scientific literature on the effect of using alternative Pd precursor solutions besides NaPdCl such as KPdCl and PdCl to mineralize Pd on TMV and BSMV. Past attempts at mineralizing other noble metals such as platinum (Pt) and gold (Au) required an initial layer of Pd to be deposited on the TMV and BSMV biotemplates. In this study, we aimed to expand the understanding of using alternative Pd precursor solutions to mineralize Pd on TMV and BSMV. Additionally, the deposition of Pt and Au onto TMV and BSMV without the need for an initial Pd mineralization layer was achieved using alternative Pt and Au precursors, including KPtCl and AuCl, respectively. Pd, Pt, and Au were successfully deposited on TMV and BSMV by incubation in aqueous solutions of NaPdCl, KPdCl, PdCl, KPtCl, and AuCl. Kinetic studies were also conducted using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy to examine the rates at which Pd, Pt, and Au precursor ions were reduced during the mineralization process, mimicking their adsorption onto TMV and BSMV CPs. BSMV adsorbed noble metal precursor ions faster than TMV as determined by UV-vis spectroscopy. While palladium nanorods (PdNRs) offer high electrical conductivity desirable for electronic applications, Pd-coated TMV and BSMV may face limitations due to their organic cores, potentially compromising conductivity. To address this, one approach is to convert the organic core into conductive amorphous carbon through thermal annealing. In this study, transmission electron microscopy was utilized to thermally anneal Pd-TMV2Cys, thereby transforming them into PdNRs with amorphous carbon cores.
可持续合成贵金属纳米结构的挑战促使研究人员探索纳米结构生产的生物途径，例如生物模板法。具有杆状形态的植物病毒，如烟草花叶病毒（TMV）和大麦条纹花叶病毒（BSMV），为生产金属纳米棒提供了有前景的生物模板。TMV和BSMV可以在金属前驱体水溶液中孵育，使金属在病毒的衣壳蛋白（CP）上矿化。先前的研究主要使用NaPdCl作为钯前驱体，研究钯在TMV和BSMV上的矿化情况。除了NaPdCl之外，使用其他钯前驱体溶液（如KPdCl和PdCl）使钯在TMV和BSMV上矿化的效果，相关科学文献有限。过去尝试使其他贵金属（如铂（Pt）和金（Au））矿化时，需要在TMV和BSMV生物模板上先沉积一层钯。在本研究中，我们旨在扩展对使用替代钯前驱体溶液使钯在TMV和BSMV上矿化的理解。此外，分别使用替代的铂和金前驱体（包括KPtCl和AuCl），在无需初始钯矿化层的情况下，实现了铂和金在TMV和BSMV上的沉积。通过在NaPdCl、KPdCl、PdCl、KPtCl和AuCl的水溶液中孵育，钯、铂和金成功沉积在TMV和BSMV上。还使用紫外可见（UV-vis）光谱进行了动力学研究，以检查在矿化过程中钯、铂和金前驱体离子被还原的速率，模拟它们在TMV和BSMV CP上的吸附。紫外可见光谱测定结果表明，BSMV比TMV更快地吸附贵金属前驱体离子。虽然钯纳米棒（PdNRs）具有电子应用所需的高导电性，但由于其有机核心，涂钯的TMV和BSMV可能存在局限性，可能会影响导电性。为了解决这个问题，一种方法是通过热退火将有机核心转化为导电非晶碳。在本研究中，利用透射电子显微镜对Pd-TMV2Cys进行热退火，从而将它们转化为具有非晶碳核心的PdNRs。
