Comparative Efficacy of Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography vs. Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography With Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage Stenting in Evaluating Obstructive Jaundice: A Prospective Study in South India.

Introduction Obstructive jaundice due to proximal biliary obstruction presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Accurate and timely diagnosis is essential for effective management. Objective/aim This study aimed to evaluate and compare the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) along with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) stenting in obstructive jaundice, while also incorporating the comparison of ultrasonography (USG) and computed tomography (CT) findings. Materials and methods A prospective study was conducted at a tertiary healthcare center in South India from January 2020 to June 2022. Comprehensive diagnostic evaluations were performed using USG, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT), MRCP, and PTC. The diagnostic outcomes from USG and CECT were initially assessed, followed by MRCP for every patient. These results were then compared with PTC, focusing on identifying the causes and levels of biliary obstruction. Results Fifty patients with suspected obstructive jaundice were included in the study. The study predominantly involved patients aged between the fourth and eighth decades (80%). Choledocholithiasis was identified as the leading cause (30%). MRCP demonstrated superior sensitivity in identifying both the cause (80%) and level (88%) of obstruction. It was particularly effective in detecting hilar masses with 100% sensitivity. Conversely, PTC, while less sensitive in detection, offered the advantage of simultaneous therapeutic intervention through stenting, with a sensitivity rate of 93% in detecting hilar masses. Conclusion MRCP outperforms PTC in diagnostic sensitivity for obstructive jaundice caused by proximal biliary obstruction. However, the advantage of PTC lies in its capacity for immediate therapeutic intervention via stent placement, addressing both diagnostic and treatment needs.