Nuri Ashenafi, Abute Lonsako, Tesfaye Elilo Legesse, Dejene Yesuneh, Ali Samrawit, Mezgebu Taye, Hailu Mickiale, Beyene Tilahun, Erjino Eshetu
Department of Public Health, Lemo Woreda Health Office, Hossana, Ethiopia.
Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia.
SAGE Open Nurs. 2024 Aug 23;10:23779608241274191. doi: 10.1177/23779608241274191. eCollection 2024 Jan-Dec.
Anxiety before surgery is one of the most challenging aspects of preoperative care. Preoperative anxiety has a number of postoperative complications. There are only a few studies that report on preoperative anxiety in surgical patients in Ethiopia, and their prevalence differs from one study to the next.
The aim of this study was to assess the level of preoperative anxiety and associated factors among surgical patients admitted at public hospitals in southern Ethiopia.
From July to August 2022, a facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among patients admitted to surgical wards at public hospitals. Data collection was conducted using a pretested, structured questionnaire administered by an interviewer. Preoperative anxiety was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scale. The data were coded and entered in Epi Data Version 4.6, then exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 for analysis. To describe the study variables, descriptive statistics were used. The associated factors were then identified using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results were declared at a p-value of less than 0.05 based on an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval.
A total of 220 patients were enrolled, with a 99.5% response rate. The observed preoperative anxiety level was 57.5% (95%CI: 54.63-62.35). High preoperative anxiety was associated with no formal educational status (AOR: 3.75; 95%CI = 1.36, 10.39), fear of death (AOR =2.01; 95%CI = 1.09, 3.73), fear of waking up in middle of surgery (AOR =3.42; 95%CI =1.19, 9.77), fear of postoperative pain (AOR = 2.56; 95%CI = 1.15, 5.74).
This study found that five out of ten patients scheduled for surgery in public hospitals had high levels of preoperative anxiety. Anxiety levels were associated with factors such as the educational status of respondents, fear of death, fear of waking up in the middle of surgery, and fear of postoperative pain. Preoperative anxiety assessments should be conducted regularly in each hospital, and appropriate anxiety-reducing methods must be implemented.
手术前的焦虑是术前护理中最具挑战性的方面之一。术前焦虑会引发多种术后并发症。在埃塞俄比亚，仅有少数研究报告了外科手术患者的术前焦虑情况，而且不同研究中的患病率存在差异。
本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚南部公立医院收治的外科手术患者的术前焦虑水平及相关因素。
2022年7月至8月，在公立医院外科病房收治的患者中开展了一项基于机构的横断面研究。数据收集通过由访谈者实施的经过预测试的结构化问卷进行。使用状态-特质焦虑量表评估术前焦虑。数据进行编码后录入Epi Data 4.6版本，然后导出至社会科学统计软件包25版本进行分析。为描述研究变量，使用了描述性统计方法。随后通过双变量和多变量逻辑回归分析确定相关因素。基于调整后的比值比及95%置信区间，p值小于0.05时宣布结果。
共纳入220例患者，应答率为99.5%。观察到的术前焦虑水平为57.5%（95%置信区间：54.63 - 62.35）。术前高度焦虑与未接受正规教育（比值比：3.75；95%置信区间 = 1.36, 10.39）、对死亡的恐惧（比值比 = 2.01；95%置信区间 = 1.09, 3.73）、害怕在手术过程中醒来（比值比 = 3.42；95%置信区间 = 1.19, 9.77）、害怕术后疼痛（比值比 = 2.56；95%置信区间 = 1.15, 5.74）相关。
本研究发现，在公立医院安排手术的患者中，十分之五的患者术前焦虑水平较高。焦虑水平与受访者的教育状况、对死亡的恐惧、害怕在手术过程中醒来以及害怕术后疼痛等因素相关。每家医院都应定期进行术前焦虑评估，并必须实施适当的减轻焦虑方法。
