Kefelegn Reta, Tolera Abebe, Ali Tilahun, Assebe Tesfaye
School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
SAGE Open Med. 2023 Nov 15;11:20503121231211648. doi: 10.1177/20503121231211648. eCollection 2023.
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of preoperative anxiety and associated factors among adult surgical patients in public hospitals of eastern Ethiopia from 25 April to 26 May 2022.
An institutional-based cross-sectional study was undertaken using a systematic sampling technique among 423 participants from patients eligible for elective surgery. The prevalence of preoperative anxiety was assessed using the state and trait anxiety inventory measurement scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Descriptive and summary statistics were computed. Binary and multivariable logistic regression were computed. The strength of the association was presented using an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and statistical significance was declared at a -value < 0.05.
The prevalence of preoperative anxiety among patients scheduled for elective surgery was 51.2%. Being 31-45 aged adult (AOR = 0.36; 95% CI = 0.17, 0.78), having moderate (AOR = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.22, 0.96) and strong social support (AOR = 0.04; 95% CI = 0.02, 0.08), being single (AOR = 0.19; 95% CI = 0.04, 0.89), listening to music (AOR = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.18, 0.74) and finding social and religious support (AOR = 0.15; 95% CI = 0.07, 0.33), and orthopedic surgery (AOR = 0.21; 95% CI = 0.10, 0.43) were significantly associated with lower odds of preoperative anxiety, whereas having fear of death (AOR = 1.16; 95% CI = 0.64, 2.09) was significantly associated with increased odds of preoperative anxiety.
In the current study, the magnitude of preoperative anxiety was high. Being an older adult and having social and treatment support was associated with lower odds of preoperative anxiety. In contrast, lower psychological readiness (fear of death) was associated with increased odds of preoperative anxiety. Patients should be routinely assessed for anxiety during the preoperative appointment, and the proper coping mechanisms and anxiety-reduction approaches should be used. It is also advisable that appropriate policies and procedures for reducing preoperative anxiety should be devised.
本研究旨在评估2022年4月25日至5月26日埃塞俄比亚东部公立医院成年外科患者术前焦虑症的患病率及相关因素。
采用基于机构的横断面研究，对423名符合择期手术条件的患者采用系统抽样技术进行研究。使用状态和特质焦虑量表测量术前焦虑症的患病率。数据采用SPSS 26版进行分析。计算描述性和汇总统计量。计算二元和多变量逻辑回归。使用调整后的比值比及95%置信区间表示关联强度，P值<0.05时具有统计学意义。
择期手术患者术前焦虑症的患病率为51.2%。年龄在31 - 45岁的成年人（调整后的比值比=0.36；95%置信区间=0.17, 0.78）、拥有中等（调整后的比值比=0.46；95%置信区间=0.22, 0.96）和强大的社会支持（调整后的比值比=0.04；95%置信区间=0.02, 0.08）、单身（调整后的比值比=0.19；95%置信区间=0.04, 0.89）、听音乐（调整后的比值比=0.37；95%置信区间=0.18, 0.74）以及获得社会和宗教支持（调整后的比值比=0.15；95%置信区间=0.07, 0.33）、骨科手术（调整后的比值比=0.21；95%置信区间=0.10, 0.43）与术前焦虑症的较低发生率显著相关，而对死亡的恐惧（调整后的比值比=1.16；95%置信区间=0.64, 2.09）与术前焦虑症的较高发生率显著相关。
在本研究中，术前焦虑症的程度较高。年龄较大且获得社会和治疗支持与术前焦虑症的较低发生率相关。相比之下，较低的心理准备（对死亡的恐惧）与术前焦虑症的较高发生率相关。应在术前预约时对患者进行焦虑症的常规评估，并采用适当的应对机制和减轻焦虑的方法。还建议制定适当的减少术前焦虑的政策和程序。
