18-50 岁成年人完成心脏康复计划的系统评价。
A Systematic Review of the Completion of Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs for Adults Aged 18-50 Years.
机构信息
Author Affiliations: Centre for Active Living and Learning, School of Education, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia (Drs Jansson and Plotnikoff); Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia (Dr Jansson, Mr Fenwick, and Drs Duncan and Plotnikoff); Department of Rural Health, The University of Newcastle, Tamworth, New South Wales, Australia (Drs Schumacher and Kocanda); School of Health Science, College of Health and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia (Drs Whatnall and Collins); Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia (Drs Kocanda, Whatnall, and Collins); School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia (Mr Fenwick and Drs Duncan and Boyle); Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Mrs Betts); School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Dr Bauman); Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia (Ms Kerr and Dr Inder); and School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia (Dr Inder).
出版信息
J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2024 Sep 1;44(5):E30-E51. doi: 10.1097/HCR.0000000000000881. Epub 2024 Sep 3.
OBJECTIVE
To perform a systematic review of completion rates of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in adults aged 18 to 50 yr and describe how core components were reported, measured, and tailored to those under 50 yr.
REVIEW METHODS
Database search of MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library based on keywords, including articles from January 1, 1990. The last search was performed on April 21, 2023. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses protocol, eligible articles contained adults (aged between 18 and 50 yr) who had participated in a CR program.
SUMMARY
Out of the articles screened (n = 24,517), 33 reports across 31 independent studies were considered eligible (n = 1958 patients aged ≤50 yr). Cardiac rehabilitation completion rates ranged from 64% to 100%; however, only 5 studies presented a completion rate definition. The length of the program ranged from 7 d to 20 wk, with most (65%) ranging between 6 and 12 wk. While the studies included in this systematic review indicated relatively high rates of completing CR, these are likely to overrepresent the true completion rates as few definitions were provided that could be compared to completion rates used in clinical practice. This systematic review also found that all interventions prescribed exercise (eg, aerobic alone or combined with resistance training or yoga) but had very limited inclusion or description of other integral components of CR (eg, initial assessment and smoking cessation) or how they were assessed and individualized to meet the needs of younger attendees.
目的
系统评价 18 至 50 岁成年人完成心脏康复（CR）的比例，并描述报告、测量和针对 50 岁以下人群调整 CR 核心内容的方法。
方法
根据关键词，对 MEDLINE、Embase、Emcare、PsycINFO、CINAHL、Scopus 和 Cochrane Library 中的数据库进行检索，检索时间为 1990 年 1 月 1 日至 2023 年 4 月 21 日。根据系统评价和荟萃分析报告的首选项目，合格文章包含参加 CR 项目的成年人（年龄在 18 至 50 岁之间）。
总结
在筛选的文章中（n=24517），33 篇报告涉及 31 项独立研究，共纳入 1958 名年龄≤50 岁的患者。CR 完成率从 64%到 100%不等；然而，只有 5 项研究提出了完成率定义。该项目的长度从 7 天到 20 周不等，其中大多数（65%）在 6 到 12 周之间。虽然本系统评价中纳入的研究表明完成 CR 的比例相对较高，但由于提供的定义很少，难以与临床实践中使用的完成率进行比较，因此这些可能会高估真实的完成率。本系统评价还发现，所有干预措施都规定了运动（例如，单独有氧运动或结合阻力训练或瑜伽），但对 CR 的其他重要组成部分（例如，初始评估和戒烟）的纳入或描述非常有限，也没有描述如何评估和个性化以满足年轻参与者的需求。
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