Rodrigues Brenda Clara Gomes, de Mello Bruna Sampaio, Grangeiro Luana Cardoso, Dussan Kelly Johana, Sarti Arnaldo
Department of Engineering, Physics, and Mathematics, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
Center for Monitoring and Research of the Quality of Fuels, Biofuels, Crude Oil, and Derivatives- Institute of Chemistry - CEMPEQC, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2025 Feb;75(2):87-108. doi: 10.1080/10962247.2024.2393192. Epub 2025 Jan 24.
Bioenergy or green fuel has been considered the fuel of the future for being a type of renewable energy that contributes to the preservation of the environment as it helps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In this way, biogas offers a potential alternative to fossil fuels from anaerobic digestion (AD) bioprocess, which allows the action of several microorganisms in the transformation of substrates into biogas and secondary bioproducts. Over the years, researchers have discussed that low yields in AD are associated with different factors such as type of wastewater, reactor configuration, substrate concentration, temperature, organic loading rates, and biomass concentration inside of the reactor. In this way, to better conduct the AD, studies point to the reactor configuration as one of the factors in the determination of high biogas production for a long period. Understanding and knowing the type of reactor and how the parameters such as biomass accumulation and immobilization, pH, or temperature occur in the system would provide information and can help to improve the bioenergy production in different systems. Moreover, research opportunities about different technologies are essential for the anaerobic digestion of many substrates and the stability of interest production. Thus, this type of scientific study gives a broad overview of the principal systems used in the AD process and information about the circular economy in the production of biogas in the world. Important considerations are highlighted.: The review paper provides information about the scenario of biogas in the world state-of-art and the biogas production from AD. Afterward, an extensive analysis of different and principal types of reactors applied to the AD process, aimed at presenting an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of each configuration intending to gain new insights to improve traditional reactors or propose novel ones. This article enables us to have a perspective about the different technologies available and about new alternatives from an operational point of view for bioenergy from AD, not only in bench studies or pilot scale studies but also at an industrial level. Thus, this type of scientific study gives a broad overview of the principal systems used in the AD process and information about the circular economy in the production of biogas in the world.
生物能源或绿色燃料因其作为一种可再生能源有助于保护环境，减少温室气体排放，而被视为未来的燃料。通过这种方式，沼气为厌氧消化（AD）生物过程中的化石燃料提供了一种潜在的替代方案，该过程允许几种微生物将底物转化为沼气和二次生物产品。多年来，研究人员讨论了AD产量低与不同因素有关，如废水类型、反应器配置、底物浓度、温度、有机负荷率和反应器内的生物质浓度。因此，为了更好地进行AD，研究指出反应器配置是长期确定高沼气产量的因素之一。了解和掌握反应器类型以及系统中生物质积累和固定、pH值或温度等参数的发生情况，将提供信息并有助于提高不同系统中的生物能源产量。此外，关于不同技术的研究机会对于许多底物的厌氧消化和目标生产的稳定性至关重要。因此，这类科学研究对AD过程中使用的主要系统以及世界沼气生产中的循环经济信息进行了广泛概述。重要考虑因素如下：该综述论文提供了世界先进水平下沼气的情况以及AD产生沼气的信息。之后，对应用于AD过程的不同主要类型反应器进行了广泛分析，旨在概述每种配置的优缺点，以获得新的见解来改进传统反应器或提出新型反应器。本文使我们能够从操作角度了解可用于AD生物能源的不同技术以及新的替代方案，不仅在实验室研究或中试规模研究中，而且在工业层面也是如此。因此，这类科学研究对AD过程中使用的主要系统以及世界沼气生产中的循环经济信息进行了广泛概述。
