Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Gothenburg University, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Disaster Medicine Center (DMC), Gothenburg University, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Gothenburg Emergency Medicine Research Group (GEMREG), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Ann Ital Chir. 2024;95(4):497-509. doi: 10.62713/aic.3468.
Surgeons have historically played critical roles in disaster management, particularly as military and trauma specialists. However, the role of surgeons in disasters has changed over time, with advancements in medical knowledge and disaster response capabilities. Recent public health emergencies and global events have signaled a paradigm shift, emphasizing the necessity of cross-disciplinary, transdisciplinary, and multidisciplinary approaches. This shift calls for revisiting and reevaluating surgeons' roles and responsibilities.
In this narrative review, the literature concerning the roles and responsibilities of surgeons during disasters and public health emergencies was systematically searched and mapped. This streamlined process aimed to gather high-quality information typically found in a systematic review but within a shorter timeframe. The goal was to expedite the discovery of insights that could inform policy decisions or address urgent matters related to the study's topic. Furthermore, action research was performed to strengthen the paper's methodology, capture essential literature, and avoid missing important data.
The results indicate a change in surgical specialty and a shift in the paradigm from multitasking surgeons to a multidisciplinary approach in surgical disaster management. Current educational initiatives are insufficient, and training opportunities are lacking, indicating the need for novel educational initiatives, simulation training, a collaborative surgical approach, and a reevaluation of the current curriculum.
The study outcomes aim to guide future policy development and facilitate the creation of practical guidelines for disaster and public health emergency planners at local, regional, national, and international levels. Surgeons' future roles in disaster and public health emergency management will be characterized by innovation, collaboration, and a commitment to improving outcomes for affected populations, addressing the unique challenges of disasters, and strengthening healthcare systems globally.
外科医生在灾难管理中历来发挥着关键作用，特别是作为军事和创伤专家。然而，随着医学知识和灾难应对能力的进步，外科医生在灾难中的角色已经发生了变化。最近的公共卫生突发事件和全球事件标志着一种范式转变，强调了跨学科、跨学科和多学科方法的必要性。这种转变要求重新审视和评估外科医生的角色和责任。
在这篇叙述性评论中，系统地搜索和绘制了有关外科医生在灾难和公共卫生紧急情况下的角色和责任的文献。这个简化的过程旨在收集通常在系统评价中找到的高质量信息，但时间更短。目的是加快发现可以为政策决策提供信息或解决与研究主题相关的紧急问题的见解。此外，还进行了行动研究，以加强论文的方法论，捕捉必要的文献，并避免错过重要数据。
结果表明，外科专业发生了变化，从多任务外科医生到外科灾难管理的多学科方法的范式发生了转变。目前的教育举措不足，培训机会缺乏，这表明需要新的教育举措、模拟培训、协作性的外科方法以及对当前课程的重新评估。
该研究的结果旨在指导未来的政策制定，并为地方、区域、国家和国际各级的灾难和公共卫生应急规划者制定实用指南提供便利。外科医生在灾难和公共卫生应急管理中的未来角色将以创新、合作和承诺为特征，旨在改善受灾人群的结果，应对灾难的独特挑战，并加强全球医疗保健系统。
