Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USF Health Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, US.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2024 Dec 1;102(12):697-708. doi: 10.1139/cjpp-2024-0201. Epub 2024 Aug 26.
Sarcopenia, a disorder marked by muscle loss and dysfunction, is a global health concern, particularly in aging populations. Sarcopenia is intricately related to various health conditions, including obesity, dysphagia, and frailty, which underscores the complexity. Despite recent advances in metabolomics and other omics data for early detection and treatment, the precise characterization and diagnosis of sarcopenia remains challenging. In the present review we provide an overview of the complex metabolic mechanisms that underlie sarcopenia, with particular emphasis on protein, lipid, carbohydrate, and bone metabolism. The review highlights the importance of leucine and other amino acids in promoting muscle protein synthesis and clarifies the critical role played by amino acid metabolism in preserving muscular health. In addition, the review provides insights regarding lipid metabolism on sarcopenia, with an emphasis on the effects of inflammation and insulin resistance. The development of sarcopenia is largely influenced by insulin resistance, especially with regard to glucose metabolism. Overall, the review emphasizes the complex relationship between bone and muscle health by highlighting the interaction between sarcopenia and bone metabolism. Furthermore, the review outlines various therapeutic approaches and potential biomarkers for diagnosing sarcopenia. These include pharmacological strategies such as hormone replacement therapy and anabolic steroids as well as lifestyle modifications such as exercise, nutrition, and dietary changes.
肌肉减少症是一种以肌肉丧失和功能障碍为特征的疾病，是一个全球性的健康问题，特别是在老龄化人口中。肌肉减少症与各种健康状况密切相关，包括肥胖、吞咽困难和虚弱，这凸显了其复杂性。尽管代谢组学和其他组学数据在早期检测和治疗方面取得了最新进展，但肌肉减少症的精确特征描述和诊断仍然具有挑战性。在本综述中，我们概述了肌肉减少症的复杂代谢机制，特别强调了蛋白质、脂质、碳水化合物和骨骼代谢。该综述强调了亮氨酸和其他氨基酸在促进肌肉蛋白质合成中的重要性，并阐明了氨基酸代谢在维持肌肉健康方面的关键作用。此外，该综述还介绍了关于肌肉减少症的脂质代谢，重点介绍了炎症和胰岛素抵抗的影响。肌肉减少症的发展在很大程度上受到胰岛素抵抗的影响，尤其是在葡萄糖代谢方面。总的来说，该综述强调了骨骼和肌肉健康之间的复杂关系，突出了肌肉减少症与骨骼代谢之间的相互作用。此外，该综述还概述了诊断肌肉减少症的各种治疗方法和潜在生物标志物。这些方法包括药物治疗策略，如激素替代疗法和合成代谢类固醇，以及生活方式的改变，如运动、营养和饮食变化。
