Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Nutrients. 2024 Sep 27;16(19):3271. doi: 10.3390/nu16193271.
Sarcopenia is characterized by the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function, significantly impacting overall health and quality of life in older adults. This narrative review explores emerging targets and potential treatments for sarcopenia, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of current and prospective interventions.
The review synthesizes current literature on sarcopenia treatment, focusing on recent advancements in muscle regeneration, mitochondrial function, nutritional strategies, and the muscle-microbiome axis. Additionally, pharmacological and lifestyle interventions targeting anabolic resistance and neuromuscular junction integrity are discussed.
Resistance training and adequate protein intake remain the cornerstone of sarcopenia management. Emerging strategies include targeting muscle regeneration through myosatellite cell activation, signaling pathways, and chronic inflammation control. Gene editing, stem cell therapy, and microRNA modulation show promise in enhancing muscle repair. Addressing mitochondrial dysfunction through interventions aimed at improving biogenesis, ATP production, and reducing oxidative stress is also highlighted. Nutritional strategies such as leucine supplementation and anti-inflammatory nutrients, along with dietary modifications and probiotics targeting the muscle-microbiome interplay, are discussed as potential treatment options. Hydration and muscle-water balance are emphasized as critical in maintaining muscle health in older adults.
A combination of resistance training, nutrition, and emerging therapeutic interventions holds potential to significantly improve muscle function and overall health in the aging population. This review provides a detailed exploration of both established and novel approaches for the prevention and management of sarcopenia, highlighting the need for further research to optimize these strategies.
肌少症的特征是骨骼肌质量、力量和功能的逐渐丧失，这对老年人的整体健康和生活质量有重大影响。本综述探讨了肌少症的新兴治疗靶点和潜在疗法，旨在全面概述当前和未来的干预措施。
本综述综合了肌少症治疗的现有文献，重点关注肌肉再生、线粒体功能、营养策略和肌肉-微生物组轴的最新进展。此外，还讨论了针对合成代谢抵抗和神经肌肉接头完整性的药理学和生活方式干预。
抗阻训练和充足的蛋白质摄入仍然是肌少症管理的基石。新兴策略包括通过肌卫星细胞激活、信号通路和慢性炎症控制来靶向肌肉再生。基因编辑、干细胞疗法和 microRNA 调节在增强肌肉修复方面显示出前景。通过旨在改善生物发生、ATP 产生和减少氧化应激的干预措施来解决线粒体功能障碍也得到了强调。营养策略，如亮氨酸补充和抗炎营养素，以及针对肌肉-微生物组相互作用的饮食改变和益生菌，被讨论为潜在的治疗选择。强调水合作用和肌肉水平衡对于维持老年人的肌肉健康至关重要。
抗阻训练、营养和新兴治疗干预的结合有可能显著改善老年人群的肌肉功能和整体健康。本综述详细探讨了预防和管理肌少症的既定和新方法，强调需要进一步研究以优化这些策略。
