CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CRETUS & CIBUS - Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, CP 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Virology. 2024 Nov;599:110209. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110209. Epub 2024 Aug 15.
While phages hold promise as an antibiotic alternative, they encounter significant challenges in combating bacterial infections, primarily due to the emergence of phage-resistant bacteria. Bacterial defence mechanisms like superinfection exclusion, CRISPR, and restriction-modification systems can hinder phage effectiveness. Innovative strategies, such as combining different phages into cocktails, have been explored to address these challenges. This review delves into these defence mechanisms and their impact at each stage of the infection cycle, their challenges, and the strategies phages have developed to counteract them. Additionally, we examine the role of phage cocktails in the evolving landscape of antibacterial treatments and discuss recent studies that highlight the effectiveness of diverse phage cocktails in targeting essential bacterial receptors and combating resistant strains.
虽然噬菌体作为抗生素替代品具有广阔的前景，但在对抗细菌感染方面仍面临重大挑战，主要是由于噬菌体耐药菌的出现。细菌防御机制，如超感染排斥、CRISPR 和限制修饰系统，可以阻碍噬菌体的有效性。已经探索了一些创新策略，如将不同的噬菌体组合成鸡尾酒，以应对这些挑战。本综述深入探讨了这些防御机制及其在感染周期各个阶段的影响、它们面临的挑战以及噬菌体为对抗这些机制而开发的策略。此外，我们还研究了噬菌体鸡尾酒在不断发展的抗菌治疗领域中的作用，并讨论了最近的研究，这些研究强调了多样化的噬菌体鸡尾酒在靶向细菌必需受体和对抗耐药菌株方面的有效性。
