Centre for Health Data Integration, Health Statistics Branch, Statistics Canada.
Health Rep. 2024 Aug 21;35(8):14-25. doi: 10.25318/82-003-x202400800002-eng.
Income-related food insecurity is an important determinant of health. Persons with disabilities are at a higher risk of experiencing household food insecurity (HFI) than those without disabilities. The main objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of HFI for persons with different types, numbers, and severity of disabilities, and to examine sociodemographic correlates of HFI among this group.
Data from the 2021 Canadian Income Survey (CIS) were used. Disability status was assessed using the short version of the Disability Screening Questions module for one randomly selected household respondent. The Household Food Security Survey Module measured HFI as marginal, moderate, or severe. Weighted descriptive and multivariable analyses were conducted to estimate the prevalence of HFI and analyze the association between various socioeconomic factors and HFI among the study sample.
Among CIS participants with disabilities (30% of the total CIS sample: 31 million persons), 26% reported some level of HFI, including 8% with severe HFI. The prevalence of HFI was 13% among those without disabilities. The prevalence of HFI was highest among those with learning, memory, cognition, and seeing disabilities (each at 36%). Levels of HFI were higher for those with more severe disabilities and with a greater number of disabilities. For persons with disabilities, the odds of HFI were two times higher, compared with persons without disabilities (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.5 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.2, 2.7]), after adjustment for a range of sociodemographic covariates. Persons with disabilities who were in the lowest income quintile (AOR: 4.0 [95% CI: 3.2, 4.9]) and aged 45 to 54 (AOR: 2.9 [95% CI: 2.1, 4.1]) had the highest odds of HFI, compared with other persons with disabilities living in wealthier households and those aged 65 and older, respectively. Other risk factors included being in a one-parent household, living in the Prairies, and living in a dwelling not owned by the household.
HFI prevalence among CIS participants with disabilities was higher than for persons without disabilities, even after adjustment for well-documented sociodemographic risk factors. Consistent monitoring of HFI among persons with disabilities can help inform any ongoing or newly developed poverty reduction strategies for this population.
收入相关的粮食不安全是健康的一个重要决定因素。与没有残疾的人相比，残疾人更有可能经历家庭粮食不安全（HFI）。本研究的主要目的是估计不同类型、数量和严重程度的残疾人的 HFI 流行率，并研究这一群体中 HFI 的社会人口学相关性。
使用 2021 年加拿大收入调查（CIS）的数据。使用残疾筛查问题模块的简短版本评估一个随机选择的家庭受访者的残疾状况。家庭粮食安全调查模块将 HFI 测量为边缘、中度或严重。对研究样本进行加权描述性和多变量分析，以估计 HFI 的流行率，并分析各种社会经济因素与 HFI 之间的关联。
在 CIS 残疾参与者中（占 CIS 总样本的 30%：3100 万人），26%报告了某种程度的 HFI，包括 8%的严重 HFI。无残疾者的 HFI 流行率为 13%。学习、记忆、认知和视力残疾者的 HFI 患病率最高（各为 36%）。残疾程度越严重，残疾人数越多，HFI 的水平越高。与无残疾者相比，残疾人的 HFI 几率高两倍（调整后的优势比[AOR]：2.5[95%置信区间（CI）：2.2，2.7]），调整了一系列社会人口学协变量后。在最贫困的五分位数（AOR：4.0[95%CI：3.2，4.9]）和 45 至 54 岁（AOR：2.9[95%CI：2.1，4.1]）的残疾人与其他生活在较富裕家庭和 65 岁及以上的残疾人相比，HFI 的几率最高。其他风险因素包括单亲家庭、居住在大草原地区以及居住在非家庭所有的住所。
即使在调整了有充分文件记录的社会人口学风险因素后，CIS 残疾参与者中的 HFI 流行率仍高于无残疾者。持续监测残疾人的 HFI 可以帮助为这一人群的任何正在进行或新制定的减贫战略提供信息。
