Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; USERN Office, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran.
USERN Office, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Noncommunicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Int J Pharm. 2024 Oct 25;664:124639. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124639. Epub 2024 Aug 24.
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer that lacks expression of estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptor targets for therapy. Polymeric nanoparticles help address the challenges in treating TNBC by enabling tailored and targeted drug delivery. Biocompatible polymeric nanoparticles leverage enhanced tumor permeability for site-specific accumulation and ligand-mediated active targeting to boost specificity. Controlled, sustained intratumorally release of encapsulated chemotherapies, such as paclitaxel and curcumin, improves antitumor efficacy as demonstrated through preclinical TNBC models. However, the practical application of these nanomedicines still has room for improvement. Advancing personalized nanoparticle platforms that align treatments to TNBC's expanding molecular subtypes shows promise. Expanding the polymer range through novel copolymers or drug conjugates may improve tumor penetration, stability, and drug encapsulation. Incorporating gene therapies, imaging agents, or triggering stimuli responsiveness into polymeric nanoparticles can also overcome innate and acquired drug resistance in TNBC while monitoring outcomes. This article reviews the different types of nanoparticles used to treat TNBC and the different mechanisms of nanoparticles that can deliver drugs to tumor cells. Collaboration across different disciplines aimed at developing combination therapies, immuno-oncology, tumor-targeting ligands, and translating preclinical safety/efficacy via scalable manufacturing practices is essential. Well-designed polymeric nanoparticles offer immense potential for patient-centric TNBC treatment, but continued optimization across bench to bedside efforts is critical for clinical realization and transforming patient outcomes.
三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）是一种侵袭性很强的乳腺癌亚型，缺乏治疗靶点的雌激素、孕激素和 HER2 受体。聚合物纳米颗粒通过实现定制化和靶向药物递送，有助于解决治疗 TNBC 的挑战。生物相容性聚合物纳米颗粒利用增强的肿瘤通透性实现特定部位的积累和配体介导的主动靶向，从而提高特异性。封装的化疗药物，如紫杉醇和姜黄素的受控、持续的肿瘤内释放，通过临床前 TNBC 模型证明了提高了抗肿瘤疗效。然而，这些纳米药物的实际应用仍有改进的空间。推进与 TNBC 不断扩展的分子亚型相匹配的个性化纳米颗粒平台显示出了前景。通过新型共聚物或药物偶联物扩展聚合物范围可能会提高肿瘤穿透性、稳定性和药物包封。将基因治疗、成像剂或触发刺激响应性纳入聚合物纳米颗粒中，也可以克服 TNBC 中的固有和获得性耐药性，同时监测结果。本文综述了用于治疗 TNBC 的不同类型的纳米颗粒以及纳米颗粒将药物递送到肿瘤细胞的不同机制。不同学科之间的合作旨在开发联合疗法、免疫肿瘤学、肿瘤靶向配体，并通过可扩展的制造实践将临床前的安全性/疗效转化为现实，这是至关重要的。精心设计的聚合物纳米颗粒为以患者为中心的 TNBC 治疗提供了巨大的潜力，但在从实验室到临床的努力中持续优化对于实现临床转化和改善患者预后至关重要。
