Brożek Jolanta, Stroiński Adam, Romaniak Anna, Bourgoin Thierry
Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.
Polish Academy of Sciences, Museum and Institute of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
Zoological Lett. 2024 Aug 26;10(1):16. doi: 10.1186/s40851-024-00239-8.
A review of the cuticular and sensory metatibial and metatarsal structures in cixiid planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) is proposed, depicting both their strong disparity and the great diversity of the patterns observed. Terminology and definitions for these structures are provided. The so-called lateral teeth of the metatibia in fact are particular styloconic sensory structures, called spiniform sensilla in Cixiidae. The apical metatibiotarsal teeth are non-sensory cuticular expansions, often bearing one or several chaetic sensilla ventrally, generally distributed in an internal and an external group of three teeth each, in some instances separated by a diastema; innermost and outermost teeth are generally larger. On the first tarsomere seven to eight teeth generally occur in one row, although two rows are observed in Brixidiini. A strong diversity of conformations and patterns is observed in the second metatarsomere. A specific subdorsal sensillum, of platellar type, may be present in the first metatarsomere teeth for a few taxa. It is generally present in the second metatarsomere, either as a narrow-based acutellar sensillum or as a broad-based platellar sensillum according to the taxon. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses of 54 species of cixiids from all described tribes of the family, supplemented by data from the literature, are used to provide a metatibiotarsal diagnosis for each of the tribes of Cixiidae. In the state of our knowledge of the sufficiently precise observations of metatibiotarsal structures in the Cixiidae which are available, and of the phylogeny of the group as a frame of reference for their interpretations, we note that the observed patterns are probably the result of multiple and independent convergences and evolutionary regressions. These occurred at all levels of cixiid classification. Although these patterns can be useful in the identification of taxa at a low taxonomic level, they would be less useful for phylogenetic approaches.
本文提议对蜡蝉科（半翅目：蜡蝉总科）胫节和跗节的表皮及感觉结构进行综述，描述其显著差异以及所观察到的模式的巨大多样性。文中提供了这些结构的术语和定义。所谓的胫节外侧齿实际上是特殊的栓锥状感觉结构，在蜡蝉科中称为刺形感器。胫跗节顶端齿是无感觉的表皮扩展，腹面通常着生一个或几个毛形感器，一般分为内侧和外侧两组，每组三个齿，某些情况下两组之间有间隙；最内侧和最外侧的齿通常较大。在第一跗节上，七到八个齿通常排成一行，不过在布里蜡蝉族中观察到有两行。在第二跗节上观察到多种不同的形态和模式。对于一些类群，第一跗节齿上可能存在一种特殊的背板型亚背感器。它通常存在于第二跗节上，根据类群不同，要么是基部狭窄的尖锐感器，要么是基部宽阔的背板感器。通过对蜡蝉科所有已描述族的54种蜡蝉进行扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析，并辅以文献数据，为蜡蝉科的每个族提供胫跗节诊断。鉴于我们目前对蜡蝉科胫跗节结构有足够精确的观察，以及该类群系统发育作为解释这些结构的参考框架，我们注意到所观察到的模式可能是多次独立趋同和进化退化的结果。这些现象发生在蜡蝉科分类的各个层面。虽然这些模式在低分类水平的类群鉴定中可能有用，但对系统发育研究方法的作用较小。
