Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
Ann Med. 2024 Dec;56(1):2385024. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2385024. Epub 2024 Aug 27.
Ice hockey is a popular global sport with growing participation for boys and girls yet remains a high-risk sport for injury. While the evidence for some risk factors, such as bodychecking policy is well established, other risk factors such as player sex have been understudied. The objectives of this study were to examine factors associated with rates of game-related injury, game-related injury resulting in >7 days of time-loss, and practice-related injury in youth ice hockey.
Safe2Play was a five-year prospective cohort study (2013-2018). All injuries were identified using validated injury surveillance methodology. Multilevel Poisson regression (adjusting for cluster by team and including multiple imputation of missing covariates) was used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for player sex, age group, bodychecking policy, year of play, level of play, weight, previous injury within last 12 months, previous lifetime concussion history, and position.
A total of 4418 male and female ice hockey players (representing 6584 player-seasons) participating in under-13 (ages 11-12), under-15 (ages 13-14) and under-18 (ages 15-17) age groups were recruited. There were 1184 game-related and 182 practice-related injuries. Factors associated with game-related injury included female sex (IRR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.18-2.08), previous injury (IRR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.26-1.70) and lifetime concussion history (IRR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.23-1.62). Goaltenders had a lower rate of injury (IRR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.40-0.72) relative to forwards, as did players exposed to policy disallowing bodychecking in games (IRR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.35-0.55). Female sex (IRR = 1.90; 95% CI: 1.10-3.28) and lifetime concussion history were also significantly associated with practice-related injury (IRR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.08-2.18).
Based on data from a large 5-year Canadian youth ice hockey longitudinal cohort, several factors associated with injury were identified. Future injury prevention strategies should consider age, sex, previous concussion and injury history, and body checking leagues. Future research in female youth ice hockey including female-only leagues should be a priority to inform prevention strategies in this understudied population.
冰球是一项在全球范围内广受欢迎的运动，参与人数不断增加，男孩和女孩都参与其中，但它仍然是一项高风险的运动，容易受伤。虽然一些风险因素（如身体检查政策）的证据已经很充分，但其他风险因素（如运动员性别）的研究还不够充分。本研究的目的是探讨与青年冰球比赛相关的伤害发生率、导致>7 天时间损失的比赛相关伤害以及练习相关伤害的相关因素。
Safe2Play 是一项为期五年的前瞻性队列研究（2013-2018 年）。所有的伤害都是通过验证的伤害监测方法来识别的。使用多层次泊松回归（通过团队进行聚类调整，并包括缺失协变量的多重插补）来估计运动员性别、年龄组、身体检查政策、比赛年份、比赛级别、体重、过去 12 个月内的既往伤害、既往终生脑震荡史和位置与比赛相关的伤害发生率比（IRR）。
共招募了 4418 名参加 13 岁以下（11-12 岁）、15 岁以下（13-14 岁）和 18 岁以下（15-17 岁）年龄组的男女冰球运动员（代表 6584 名运动员-赛季）。共有 1184 例比赛相关和 182 例练习相关伤害。与比赛相关的伤害相关因素包括女性（IRR = 1.57；95%CI：1.18-2.08）、既往伤害（IRR = 1.46；95%CI：1.26-1.70）和终生脑震荡史（IRR = 1.41；95%CI：1.23-1.62）。与前锋相比，守门员受伤的几率较低（IRR = 0.54；95%CI：0.40-0.72），而在比赛中不允许身体检查的政策下，运动员受伤的几率也较低（IRR = 0.44；95%CI：0.35-0.55）。女性（IRR = 1.90；95%CI：1.10-3.28）和终生脑震荡史也与练习相关的伤害显著相关（IRR = 1.53；95%CI：1.08-2.18）。
基于一项来自加拿大青年冰球 5 年纵向队列的大型数据，确定了与伤害相关的几个因素。未来的伤害预防策略应考虑年龄、性别、既往脑震荡和伤害史以及身体检查联盟。未来对女性青年冰球的研究，包括仅限女性的联盟，应成为优先事项，为这一研究不足的人群提供预防策略。
