Mendoza Michael F, Suan Nina M, Lavie Carl J
The Gayle and Tom Benson Cancer Center, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA.
Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Metro Manila 1008, Philippines.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2024 Jul 26;9(3):131. doi: 10.3390/jfmk9030131.
This review emphasizes the globally accepted physical activity guidelines and explores the various molecular adaptations that occur with continuous exercise. It is essential to highlight the critical roles of cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and muscle mass in reducing mortality and enhancing quality of life. It has been shown in various studies that there are certainly substantial reductions in cardiovascular and all-cause mortality among individuals with high cardiorespiratory fitness levels. Resistance training is also examined, which, likewise, reveals significant mortality benefits, even with minimal weekly engagement. When delving into the molecular mechanisms, it is apparent that exercise training favorably influences certain cardiovascular conditions, mostly owing to its effect on enhanced lipid metabolism, improvement in glucose regulation, ability to modulate inflammation and oxidative processes, and induction of other cardioprotective effects like improved sympathetic tone and left ventricular remodeling. Cardiovascular diseases and malignancy also share the same risk factors, which explains why exercise can also mitigate the risk of developing many types of cancers. But despite these advancements in research, cardiovascular diseases continue to be prevalent, which may suggest the need to devise other means of promoting physical activity involvement. These approaches may include a greater emphasis on the societal benefits of increased exercise adherence, facilitated by community involvement and technological advancements in fitness tracking devices. We conclude that the future directions for exercise research should emphasize the need for personalized or tailored exercise programs to make it more engaging, accessible, and inclusive for a diverse set of people.
本综述强调了全球公认的体育活动指南，并探讨了持续运动所产生的各种分子适应性变化。强调心肺适能、肌肉力量和肌肉质量在降低死亡率和提高生活质量方面的关键作用至关重要。各种研究表明，心肺适能水平高的个体心血管疾病和全因死亡率确实大幅降低。还对阻力训练进行了研究，结果同样表明，即使每周参与量极少，也能显著降低死亡率。深入研究分子机制时，很明显运动训练对某些心血管疾病有积极影响，这主要归功于其对脂质代谢增强、血糖调节改善、炎症和氧化过程调节能力以及其他心脏保护作用的诱导，如改善交感神经张力和左心室重塑。心血管疾病和恶性肿瘤也有相同的风险因素，这就解释了为什么运动也能降低患多种癌症的风险。但尽管研究取得了这些进展，心血管疾病仍然普遍存在，这可能意味着需要设计其他促进体育活动参与的方法。这些方法可能包括更加强调增加运动依从性的社会效益，通过社区参与和健身追踪设备的技术进步来推动。我们得出结论，运动研究的未来方向应强调需要制定个性化或量身定制的运动计划，使其对不同人群更具吸引力、更容易参与且更具包容性。
