University of Copenhagen, Department of Psychology.
Linnæus University, Department of Psychology.
J Consult Clin Psychol. 2024 Jul;92(7):410-421. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000900.
The aim of this study was to investigate a sequence of associations between clients' pretreatment attachment style, the development of individuated-secure attachment to the therapist (i.e., therapeutic attachment), and the experience of increased comfort with emotional closeness (growing engagement) or independence (growing autonomy) in therapy. Moreover, the study explored whether clients' experience of growing engagement or growing autonomy was associated with a change in interpersonal problems at the end of therapy.
Three hundred thirty adult clients (mean age 40.2, 75% female) were seen by 44 therapists in individual psychotherapy. The associations between pretreatment attachment insecurity measured on the Experiences in Close Relationships scale, repeated measures of therapeutic attachment measured on the Client Attachment to Therapist Scale, repeated measures of a growing engagement or growing autonomy measured on the Therapeutic Distance Scale, and pre-post measures of interpersonal problems measured on the Inventory for Interpersonal Problems were analyzed using multilevel modeling. Two types of therapeutic attachment were estimated, one controlling for anxious attachment characteristics and one for avoidant.
Significant associations between higher levels of therapeutic attachment controlled for avoidant attachment characteristics and lower levels of growing autonomy in therapy were found. Moreover, higher levels of growing engagement in therapy and higher levels of therapeutic attachment controlled for anxious attachment characteristics were associated with a decrease in interpersonal problems at the end of therapy.
Distinct types of therapeutic attachment may exert different influences on the process and outcome of therapy. Furthermore, therapists' attunement to clients' specific attachment needs in therapy may enhance interpersonal outcomes of treatment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
本研究旨在探讨来访者治疗前的依恋风格、与治疗师建立个体化安全型依恋（即治疗性依恋）的发展，以及在治疗中对情感亲近（越来越投入）或独立性（越来越自主）的体验之间的一系列关联。此外，本研究还探讨了来访者体验到越来越投入或越来越自主是否与治疗结束时人际问题的变化有关。
330 名成年来访者（平均年龄 40.2 岁，75%为女性）接受了 44 名治疗师的个体心理治疗。采用多水平模型分析了亲密关系体验量表（Experiences in Close Relationships Scale）测量的治疗前依恋不安全感、客户对治疗师依恋量表（Client Attachment to Therapist Scale）测量的重复治疗性依恋、治疗距离量表（Therapeutic Distance Scale）测量的越来越投入或越来越自主的重复测量，以及人际问题清单（Inventory for Interpersonal Problems）测量的治疗前后人际问题之间的关联。两种类型的治疗性依恋都进行了估计，一种控制了焦虑依恋特征，另一种控制了回避依恋特征。
发现治疗性依恋水平较高（控制回避依恋特征）与治疗中越来越自主水平较低之间存在显著关联。此外，治疗中越来越投入和治疗性依恋水平较高（控制焦虑依恋特征）与治疗结束时人际问题减少有关。
不同类型的治疗性依恋可能对治疗过程和结果产生不同的影响。此外，治疗师在治疗中对来访者特定依恋需求的共鸣可能会增强治疗的人际效果。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2024 APA，保留所有权利）。
