Novosel-Lingat John Eric M, Kirk Michelle A, Coaxum Melissa C, Harris Pierre L, Sappenfield Kourtney B, Hertzman Will U, Sims Shardonnai T, Allard Yvonne S, Knust Susannah K
Research Transition Office, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
Techwerks LLC, Arlington, VA 22201, USA.
Mil Med. 2025 Feb 27;190(3-4):e700-e707. doi: 10.1093/milmed/usae405.
In accordance with ADP 6-22-001 and ATP 6-22.1, counseling is the process routinely executed by Army leaders to develop, mentor, and coach subordinate Soldiers and Army civilians within their organization. When implemented effectively, the counseling process can be utilized to produce capable, resilient, and satisfied subordinates who are prepared and motivated to meet mission-essential responsibilities. Training opportunities that specifically focus on optimizing this key leader competence, particularly with non-commissioned officers, are limited. The Directorate of Prevention, Resilience and Readiness (Headquarters, Department of the Army, G-9) offers a specific training, the Counseling Enhancement Workshop, and requested an evaluation to determine the effectiveness of the current training and identify opportunities for improvement.
A longitudinal 360-degree approach was deployed as a common multisource methodology intended to produce triangulated feedback from participants, as well as their subordinates and supervisors. Quantitative surveys and qualitative structured interviews were conducted. Performance psychology professional facilitators who train this workshop were also administered a questionnaire to capture instructional feedback. Measures include a knowledge assessment of the workshop content, Counseling Self-Efficacy Survey, as well as original measures related to the workshop experience. Completed written developmental counseling forms and observations from the evaluation team were also reviewed to ensure fidelity of the training implementation and delivery. The current study reports on survey responses from participants and facilitators.
Results suggested a strong and positive correlation between the pre- and post-workshop Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale. Because of a small sample size, data were analyzed as planned but interpreted with caution because of limited validity. There was a significant increase between the pre- and post-tests knowledge comprehension test scores. Facilitators reported confidence in teaching resilience skills, but not coaching Soldiers to apply those skills as part of the developmental counseling process.
The Army counseling process can be utilized to produce capable, resilient, and satisfied subordinates who are prepared and motivated to meet mission-essential responsibilities. Quantitative results on the content of the CEW present opportunities for meaningful training that increases leaders' confidence in delivering counseling sessions, as well as mastering specific skills that benefit the subordinate Soldier and improve unit health. Furthermore, performance psychology professionals provided feedback on focus areas to meet the instructional objective of the training more efficiently and effectively. Ultimately, the counseling process is considered the most important tool available to current leaders to build the capacity of future leaders and an investment in the training to enhance these skills will provide great returns to the U.S. Army as a whole.
根据陆军条令出版物6-22-001和陆军技术出版物6-22.1，咨询是陆军领导者在其组织内对下属士兵和陆军文职人员进行培养、指导和辅导的常规流程。如果有效实施，咨询流程可用于培养有能力、适应力强且满意的下属，使其做好准备并积极履行任务关键职责。专门聚焦于优化这一关键领导能力（尤其是针对士官）的培训机会有限。预防、恢复力与战备局（陆军部总部，G-9）提供了一项特定培训，即咨询强化研讨会，并要求进行评估，以确定当前培训的效果并找出改进机会。
采用纵向360度评估方法作为一种常见的多源方法，旨在收集参与者及其下属和上级的多方反馈。进行了定量调查和定性结构化访谈。对负责培训该研讨会的绩效心理学专业培训师也进行了问卷调查，以获取教学反馈。评估指标包括对研讨会内容的知识评估、咨询自我效能量表，以及与研讨会体验相关的原始指标。还审查了已完成的书面发展咨询表格和评估团队的观察结果，以确保培训实施和交付的保真度。本研究报告了参与者和培训师的调查回复情况。
结果表明，研讨会前后的咨询自我效能量表之间存在强正相关。由于样本量较小，数据按计划进行了分析，但由于有效性有限，在解释时需谨慎。测试前和测试后的知识理解测试成绩有显著提高。培训师表示对教授恢复力技能有信心，但对于指导士兵将这些技能应用于发展咨询流程缺乏信心。
陆军咨询流程可用于培养有能力、适应力强且满意的下属，使其做好准备并积极履行任务关键职责。CEW（咨询强化研讨会）内容的定量结果为有意义的培训提供了机会，这种培训可增强领导者进行咨询会议的信心，以及掌握使下属士兵受益并改善部队健康状况的特定技能。此外，绩效心理学专业人员就重点领域提供了反馈，以便更高效地实现培训的教学目标。最终，咨询流程被视为当前领导者培养未来领导者能力的最重要工具，对提升这些技能的培训进行投资将为整个美国陆军带来巨大回报。
