Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África, 7, E-41011 Seville, Spain.
Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África, 7, E-41011 Seville, Spain.
J Hazard Mater. 2024 Nov 5;479:135586. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135586. Epub 2024 Aug 22.
Antibiotics are among the emerging contaminants of greatest concern to the scientific community. However, the occurrence and behaviour of their metabolites in soils have been scarcely studied. To address this research gap, this study investigates the occurrence, sorption, dissipation kinetics, and environmental risk of highly important antibiotics (sulfamethazine, sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim) and their main metabolites in Mediterranean agricultural soils. Batch experiments were conducted under natural conditions for 120 days. Five different dissipation kinetics models were applied to elucidate antibiotics degradation. The sorption isotherms were evaluated by three different models. Most of the antibiotics and metabolites tested showed a good fit with the Linear Isotherm model (R >0.96) and biphasic dissipation kinetic models (R >0.90). The dissipation and the endpoints values (DT and DT) depended on the soil type properties. A Lixisol soil demonstrated reduced degradation of the investigated compounds. Trimethoprim showed the highest persistence, followed by sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, and sulfadiazine. Parent compounds exhibited lower degradation rates than their metabolites. Remaining antibiotic concentrations were found to be below the predicted no-effect concentration in soil, suggesting that they may not pose a risk to terrestrial biota. This study provides valuable insights into the behaviour of these antibiotics and their metabolites in soil.
抗生素是科学界最关注的新兴污染物之一。然而，其代谢物在土壤中的存在和行为却鲜有研究。为了解决这一研究空白，本研究调查了在 Mediterranean 农业土壤中高度重要的抗生素（磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺二甲嘧啶和甲氧苄啶）及其主要代谢物的存在、吸附、消解动力学和环境风险。在自然条件下进行了 120 天的批量实验。应用了五种不同的消解动力学模型来阐明抗生素的降解。通过三种不同的模型评估了吸附等温线。测试的大多数抗生素和代谢物均与线性等温模型（R>0.96）和双相消解动力学模型（R>0.90）拟合良好。消解和终点值（DT 和 DT）取决于土壤类型特性。淋溶土表现出研究化合物降解能力降低。甲氧苄啶表现出最高的持久性，其次是磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲恶唑和磺胺二甲嘧啶。母体化合物的降解速率低于其代谢物。残留的抗生素浓度低于土壤中的预测无影响浓度，表明它们可能不会对陆地生物群构成风险。本研究为这些抗生素及其代谢物在土壤中的行为提供了有价值的见解。
