GER - Green Engineering and Resources Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Process & Resources Engineering - ETSIIT, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
GIQUIMA - Research Group of Building Materials Chemistry, Institute of Concrete Science and Technology (ICITECH), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
J Environ Manage. 2024 Sep;368:122265. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122265. Epub 2024 Aug 26.
Global circular economy drives the development of sustainable alkali activated materials (AAM) for use as construction material from industrial by-products and wastes. The assessment of the potentially hazardous substances release of these new material combinations into the soil and groundwater over time is essential. In this study, the aim is the environmental assessment of three AAMs based on blast furnace slag (BFS), activated with almond shell biomass ash (ABA) as potassium source and three solid sources of silica from the agricultural industry, rice husk ash (RHA), spent diatomaceous earth (SDE) and bamboo leaf ash (BLA), using European horizontal leaching tests proposed for construction materials, for monolithic form, Dynamic Surface Leaching Test (DSLT) and for granular form, Up-flow Percolation Test and the Compliance leaching test, by simulating different scenarios of their entire life cycle. The leaching results of the AAM showed the effectiveness of the inertization of all the recycled materials studied, which exceeded some inert materials limits, by means of the activation process. Despite the absence of significant differences in the leaching mechanisms of the oxyanions As, Cr, Mo, Sb, Se and V between the three AAMs developed, they presented different long-term leaching behavior depending on their form, monolithic, or granular, and therefore in their different life cycle stages. Therefore, it is concluded that although the incorporation of agro-industrial waste as alternative activators in BFS based AAM according to the Dutch Soil Quality Decree (for unrestricted use of monolithic and granular materials) is an environmentally acceptable option, the design of waste derived AAMs should be assessed by means of a combination of leaching tests that cover their expected life cycle.
全球循环经济推动了可持续碱激活材料（AAM）的发展，这些材料可作为建筑材料，从工业副产品和废物中获得。评估这些新材料组合随时间向土壤和地下水释放潜在有害物质的情况至关重要。本研究旨在对基于高炉矿渣（BFS）的三种 AAM 进行环境评估，这些 AAM 是用杏仁壳生物质灰（ABA）作为钾源激活的，同时使用来自农业行业的三种不同的硅源，包括稻壳灰（RHA）、废硅藻土（SDE）和竹叶灰（BLA）。采用欧洲提出的建筑材料水平浸出试验，对整体形式进行动态表面浸出试验（DSLT），对粒状形式进行上向渗滤试验和合规浸出试验，模拟其整个生命周期的不同情景。结果表明，通过激活过程，所有研究的再生材料的惰性化效果非常显著，超过了一些惰性材料的限值。尽管三种所开发的 AAM 中阴离子（As、Cr、Mo、Sb、Se 和 V）的浸出机理没有明显差异，但它们的长期浸出行为取决于其形态，即整体形态或粒状形态，以及它们不同的生命周期阶段。因此，可以得出结论，尽管根据荷兰土壤质量法令（允许整体和粒状材料不受限制使用）将农业工业废物作为高炉矿渣基 AAM 的替代激活剂是一种环境上可接受的选择，但应通过结合使用涵盖其预期生命周期的浸出试验来评估衍生自废物的 AAM 的设计。
