Department of Quality Assurance, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India; School of Pharmacy, Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab 147301, India.
Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India; Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
Pathol Res Pract. 2024 Oct;262:155546. doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155546. Epub 2024 Aug 21.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an abnormal proliferation of cells within the colon and rectum, leading to the formation of polyps and disruption of mucosal functions. The disease development is influenced by a combination of factors, including inflammation, exposure to environmental mutagens, genetic alterations, and impairment in signaling pathways. Traditional treatments such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are often used but have limitations, including poor solubility and permeability, treatment resistance, side effects, and post-surgery issues. Novel Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS) have emerged as a superior alternative, offering enhanced drug solubility, precision in targeting cancer cells, and regulated drug release. Thereby addressing the shortcomings of conventional therapies and showing promise for more effective CRC management. The present review sheds light on the pathogenesis, signaling pathways, biomarkers, conventional treatments, need for NDDS, and application of NDDS against CRC. Additionally, clinical trials, ongoing clinical trials, marketed formulations, and patents on CRC are also covered in the present review.
结直肠癌（CRC）是结肠和直肠内细胞的异常增殖，导致息肉形成和黏膜功能紊乱。疾病的发展受到多种因素的影响，包括炎症、环境诱变剂暴露、遗传改变和信号通路受损。传统的治疗方法，如手术、放疗和化疗，经常被使用，但也存在一些局限性，包括溶解度和通透性差、治疗耐药性、副作用和手术后问题。新型药物传递系统（NDDS）作为一种更好的选择出现了，提供了增强的药物溶解度、对癌细胞的精确靶向和药物释放的调节。从而解决了传统疗法的缺点，并为更有效的 CRC 管理带来了希望。本综述重点介绍了 CRC 的发病机制、信号通路、生物标志物、传统治疗方法、对 NDDS 的需求以及 NDDS 在 CRC 中的应用。此外，本综述还涵盖了 CRC 的临床试验、正在进行的临床试验、已上市的制剂和专利。
