Hochholdinger Frank, Yu Peng
INRES, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Crop Functional Genomics, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany.
INRES, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Crop Functional Genomics, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany; INRES, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Root Functional Biology, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany.
Trends Plant Sci. 2025 Jan;30(1):95-104. doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.07.018. Epub 2024 Aug 26.
Heterosis describes the superior performance of hybrid plants compared with their genetically distinct parents and is a pillar of global food security. Here we review the current status of the molecular dissection of heterosis. We discuss how extensive intraspecific structural genomic variation between parental genotypes leads to heterosis by genetic complementation in hybrids. Moreover, we survey how global gene expression complementation contributes to heterosis by hundreds of additionally active genes in hybrids and how overdominant single genes mediate heterosis in several species. Furthermore, we highlight the prominent role of the microbiome in improving the performance of hybrids. Taken together, the molecular understanding of heterosis will pave the way to accelerate hybrid productivity and a more sustainable agriculture.
杂种优势描述了杂交植物与其基因不同的亲本相比所具有的优越表现，是全球粮食安全的支柱。在此，我们综述了杂种优势分子解析的现状。我们讨论了亲本基因型之间广泛的种内结构基因组变异如何通过杂交中的遗传互补导致杂种优势。此外，我们探讨了全球基因表达互补如何通过杂交种中数百个额外活跃的基因促进杂种优势，以及超显性单基因如何在多个物种中介导杂种优势。此外，我们强调了微生物群落在提高杂交种性能方面的突出作用。综上所述，对杂种优势的分子理解将为加速杂交种生产力和实现更可持续的农业铺平道路。
