Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia.
Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.
Arch Razi Inst. 2024 Feb 1;79(1):28-32. doi: 10.32592/ARI.2024.79.1.28. eCollection 2024 Feb.
The appearance of an array of data on the study of the intestinal microbiota in Metazoa has significantly expanded our understanding of the role of commensals in the control of a wide range of physiological functions in higher organisms in norm and pathology. In the intestine, where the microbial load significantly exceeds the number of microorganisms of other ecosystems, the components of the intestinal microbiota are a constant source of stimuli that induce activation of the host immune system. The introduction into practice of biomedical research of innovative high-resolution methods, including multi-omics technologies, has brought data that change our understanding of intestinal commensals, including probiotics with GRAS status, widely used in medicine, agriculture and biotechnology. The ability of these bacteria to induce negative processes in the host body that are beneficial for bacterial proliferation and expansion revealed a clear lack of our knowledge about the logic of their life and the mechanisms of interaction with eukaryotic cells. This determines the urgent need for comprehensive research of probiotics and the development of standardization of their safety assessment. Apriori's confidence in the exceptional benefit of the bacteria widely used in medicine, agriculture and biotechnology has determined the seriously omission in our control system today - the lack of standardization of studies for the safety assessment of bacteria with GRAS status . The moment has come when it became clear that this gap should be promptly filled and that only exact understanding the molecular base of interacting the microbes with eukaryotic cells can provide the foundation for effective practical developments in controlling the evolution of bacterial virulence and probiotic safety strategy, as well as the competent use of genetic technologies for monitoring the environment and managing infectious processes, thus avoiding the dramatic consequences of large-scale interventions in the micro and macro worlds.
后生动物肠道微生物群研究中大量数据的出现，极大地扩展了我们对共生体在高等生物正常和病理生理功能控制中的作用的认识。在肠道中，微生物负荷远远超过其他生态系统中微生物的数量，肠道微生物群的组成是诱导宿主免疫系统激活的持续刺激源。创新性高分辨率方法（包括多组学技术）在生物医学研究中的应用，带来了改变我们对肠道共生体（包括具有 GRAS 地位的益生菌）认识的数据，这些益生菌广泛应用于医学、农业和生物技术。这些细菌在宿主体内诱导有利于细菌增殖和扩张的负面过程的能力，清楚地表明我们对其生活逻辑和与真核细胞相互作用的机制缺乏了解。这决定了全面研究益生菌和制定其安全性评估标准化的迫切需要。先前对广泛应用于医学、农业和生物技术的细菌的特殊益处的信心，决定了我们今天的控制系统中存在严重的疏忽——缺乏对具有 GRAS 地位的细菌的安全性评估研究的标准化。现在很明显，应该尽快填补这一空白，只有准确理解微生物与真核细胞相互作用的分子基础，才能为控制细菌毒力进化和益生菌安全策略的有效实际发展提供基础，以及为监测环境和管理传染病过程的遗传技术的熟练使用提供基础，从而避免在微观和宏观世界中进行大规模干预的戏剧性后果。
