OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jul 24;24(14):11855. doi: 10.3390/ijms241411855.
Over the years, cancer has been affecting the lives of many people globally and it has become one of the most studied diseases. Despite the efforts to understand the cell mechanisms behind this complex disease, not every patient seems to respond to targeted therapies or immunotherapies. Drug resistance in cancer is one of the limiting factors contributing to unsuccessful therapies; therefore, understanding how cancer cells acquire this resistance is essential to help cure individuals affected by cancer. Recently, the altered microbiome was observed to be an important hallmark of cancer and therefore it represents a promising topic of cancer research. Our review aims to provide a global perspective of some cancer hallmarks, for instance how genetic and epigenetic modifications may be caused by an altered human microbiome. We also provide information on how an altered human microbiome can lead to cancer development as well as how the microbiome can influence drug resistance and ultimately targeted therapies. This may be useful to develop alternatives for cancer treatment, i.e., future personalized medicine that can help in cases where traditional cancer treatment is unsuccessful.
多年来，癌症一直影响着全球许多人的生活，它已成为研究最多的疾病之一。尽管人们努力了解这种复杂疾病背后的细胞机制，但并非每个患者似乎都对靶向治疗或免疫疗法有反应。癌症中的药物耐药性是导致治疗失败的限制因素之一；因此，了解癌细胞如何获得这种耐药性对于帮助治愈癌症患者至关重要。最近，人们观察到改变的微生物组是癌症的一个重要标志，因此它代表了癌症研究的一个有前途的课题。我们的综述旨在提供一些癌症标志的全球视角，例如遗传和表观遗传修饰如何可能由人类微生物组的改变引起。我们还提供了有关微生物组如何导致癌症发展以及微生物组如何影响药物耐药性最终影响靶向治疗的信息。这对于开发癌症治疗的替代方法可能很有用，例如未来的个性化药物，可以帮助在传统癌症治疗不成功的情况下使用。
