Fujiki Robert Brinton, Zhao Fangyun, Niedenthal Paula M, Thibeault Susan L
Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2024 Aug 28:10556656241271650. doi: 10.1177/10556656241271650.
To examine the facial movements children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) employ to express basic emotions. Ability of observers to interpret facial expressions of children with CLP was also considered.
Prospective case-control design.
Outpatient craniofacial anomalies clinic.
Twenty-five children with CLP (age 8 to 12) and 25 age/sex-matched controls.
Children were video recorded making facial expressions representing anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise. Magnitude of children's facial movements was quantified and compared using OpenFace. Subsequently, emotion videos were presented to 19 adults who were asked to identify the emotion conveyed in each facial expression. Accuracy of emotion recognition was compared across groups.
Compared with controls, children with CLP employed significantly (< .05) smaller magnitude superior and lateral perioral movements to express disgust (Cohen's d = .50), happiness (Cohen's d = 1.1), and fear (Cohen's d = .93). For disgust and sadness, children with CLP employed significantly greater magnitude movements of the nose and chin, presumably to compensate for reduced perioral range of motion. For anger, happiness, and sadness, children with CLP employed smaller magnitude movements of the upper face when compared with controls. Observers identified disgust (OR = 1.26), and fear (OR = 2.44) significantly less accurately in children with CLP when compared with controls.
Children with CLP employed different facial movements to express certain emotions. Observers less accurately identified some emotions conveyed by facial expressions in children with CLP when compared with controls, likely due in part to differences in facial movements. Future research should explore the implications of these differences for social communication.
研究唇腭裂（CLP）患儿表达基本情绪时所采用的面部动作。同时也考虑观察者解读CLP患儿面部表情的能力。
前瞻性病例对照研究。
门诊颅面畸形诊所。
25名CLP患儿（8至12岁）和25名年龄及性别匹配的对照儿童。
对儿童进行录像，记录其表现愤怒、厌恶、恐惧、快乐、悲伤和惊讶的面部表情。使用OpenFace对儿童面部动作的幅度进行量化和比较。随后，向19名成年人播放情绪视频，要求他们识别每个面部表情所传达的情绪。比较不同组别的情绪识别准确率。
与对照组相比，CLP患儿在表达厌恶（Cohen's d = 0.50）、快乐（Cohen's d = 1.1）和恐惧（Cohen's d = 0.93）时，口周上部和外侧的动作幅度明显较小（P < 0.05）。对于厌恶和悲伤情绪，CLP患儿的鼻子和下巴动作幅度明显更大，推测是为了弥补口周活动范围的减小。在表达愤怒、快乐和悲伤时，与对照组相比，CLP患儿上半脸的动作幅度较小。与对照组相比，观察者对CLP患儿面部表情所传达的厌恶（OR = 1.26）和恐惧（OR = 2.44）的识别准确率明显较低。
CLP患儿采用不同的面部动作来表达某些情绪。与对照组相比，观察者对CLP患儿面部表情所传达的某些情绪识别准确率较低，这可能部分归因于面部动作的差异。未来的研究应探讨这些差异对社交沟通的影响。
