Wei Chapman, Mustafa Nawal, Grovu Radu, Siddiqui Fasih Sami, Manchandani Umesh K, Sattar Saud Bin Abdul, Sadiq Waleed, Mustafa Ahmad
Department of Medicine, Northwell Health, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Pulmonology, Northwell Health, New York, New York, USA.
Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2025 Aug;10(4):569-573. doi: 10.1089/can.2024.0048. Epub 2024 Aug 28.
Cannabis use is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide, yet the full spectrum of its effects largely remain unknown. Although cannabis have immunomodulatory properties, there remains a significant gap in our understanding of the potential impact of marijuana use on COVID-19 outcomes. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of chronic cannabis use on severe COVID-19. National Inpatient Sample Database was used to sample individuals admitted with the diagnosis of COVID-19. Patients were divided into two groups based on cannabis use. Baseline demographics and comorbidities were collected using ICD-10 codes. Patients with missing data or age under 18 were excluded. Propensity matching using R was performed to match cannabis users to non-cannabis users 1:1 on age, race, gender, and 17 other comorbidities. The primary outcome was severe COVID-19 infection, defined as a composite of acute respiratory failure, intubation, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), or severe sepsis with multiorgan failure. Out of 322,214 patients included in the study, 2,603 were cannabis users. Cannabis users were younger and had higher prevalence of tobacco use. On initial analysis, cannabis users had significantly lower rates of severe COVID-19 infection, intubation, ARDS, acute respiratory failure, severe sepsis with multiorgan failure, mortality, and shorter length of hospital stay. After 1:1 matching, cannabis use was associated with lower rates of severe COVID-19 infection, intubation, ARDS, acute respiratory failure, severe sepsis with multiorgan failure, mortality, and shorter length of hospital stay. Cannabis users had better outcomes and mortality compared with non-users. The beneficial effect of cannabis use may be attributed to its immunomodulatory effects.
大麻的使用在全球范围内日益普遍，但其全部影响在很大程度上仍不为人知。尽管大麻具有免疫调节特性，但我们对使用大麻对新冠疫情结果的潜在影响的理解仍存在重大差距。本研究的目的是评估长期使用大麻对重症新冠疫情的影响。使用国家住院样本数据库对被诊断为新冠疫情的住院患者进行抽样。根据大麻使用情况将患者分为两组。使用国际疾病分类第十版（ICD - 10）编码收集基线人口统计学和合并症数据。排除数据缺失或年龄在18岁以下的患者。使用R语言进行倾向匹配，以在年龄、种族、性别和其他17种合并症方面将大麻使用者与非大麻使用者按1:1进行匹配。主要结果是重症新冠疫情感染，定义为急性呼吸衰竭、插管、急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）或伴有多器官衰竭的严重脓毒症的综合情况。在纳入研究的322,214名患者中，2,603名是大麻使用者。大麻使用者更年轻，烟草使用率更高。初步分析显示，大麻使用者发生重症新冠疫情感染、插管、ARDS、急性呼吸衰竭、伴有多器官衰竭的严重脓毒症、死亡率的比率显著较低，住院时间也较短。在1:1匹配后，使用大麻与重症新冠疫情感染、插管、ARDS、急性呼吸衰竭、伴有多器官衰竭的严重脓毒症、死亡率的较低比率以及较短的住院时间相关。与非使用者相比，大麻使用者的结局更好，死亡率更低。使用大麻的有益效果可能归因于其免疫调节作用。
