Chwe John Andrew H, Lick David J, Freeman Jonathan B
Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Google, New York, NY, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2024 Aug 28:1461672241273194. doi: 10.1177/01461672241273194.
Previous research has examined the real-time cognitive processes underlying perceivers' ability to resolve racial ambiguity into monoracial categorizations, but such processes for multiracial categorizations are less clear. Using a novel, three-choice mouse-tracking paradigm, we found that when perceivers categorized faces as multiracial their hand movements revealed an initial attraction to a monoracial category (study 1). Moreover, exposure to multiracial individuals moderated these effects. When measured (Study 2) or manipulated (Study 3), multiracial exposure reduced monoracial category activation and activation occurred for both morphed and real multiracial faces (Study 4). Together, the findings suggest that multiracial categorizations emerge from dynamic competition between relatively more accessible monoracial categories and a less-accessible multiracial category, which is attenuated through greater exposure to multiracial targets. This research is the first to chart out the real-time dynamics underlying multiracial categorizations and offers a new theoretical account of this increasingly common form of social categorization.
以往的研究探讨了感知者将种族模糊性解析为单一种族分类能力背后的实时认知过程，但多种族分类的此类过程尚不清楚。使用一种新颖的三选一鼠标追踪范式，我们发现，当感知者将面孔分类为多种族时，他们的手部动作显示出对单一种族类别的初始吸引力（研究1）。此外，接触多种族个体调节了这些效应。当进行测量（研究2）或操纵（研究3）时，多种族接触减少了单一种族类别的激活，并且对于变形和真实的多种族面孔都出现了激活（研究4）。总之，研究结果表明，多种族分类源自相对更容易获取的单一种族类别与较难获取的多种族类别之间的动态竞争，而通过更多地接触多种族目标，这种竞争会减弱。这项研究首次描绘了多种族分类背后的实时动态，并为这种日益常见的社会分类形式提供了新的理论解释。
