Liu Shiyao, El-Angbawi Ahmed, Rosa Vinicius, Silikas Nick
Division of Dentistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119085, Singapore.
J Funct Biomater. 2024 Jul 24;15(8):204. doi: 10.3390/jfb15080204.
This study aimed to assess the key physico-mechanical properties and bonding performance of orthodontic adhesives with graphene addition for bonding a fixed retainer. Transbond LR (3M) and Transbond LV (3M) with no graphene were set as the control groups. Graphene was added into LR and LV at concentrations of 0.01 wt%, 0.05 wt% and 0.1 wt%. The stickiness of the uncured samples ( = 5) and real-time degree of conversion () of the samples ( = 3) were measured over a 24-h period using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The hardness and other mechanical parameters, including the Martens hardness (), indentation modulus (), elastic index () and creep (), were measured ( = 5). To measure the shear bond strength (SBS), adhesive composites were applied using a mold to bond the retainer wire to the lingual surfaces of bovine incisors ( = 10). Fracture modes subsequent to the SBS test were examined under light microscopy. Statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05). In the LR groups, the LR + 0.01 showed the highest SBS (12.6 ± 2.0 MPa) and (539.4 ± 17.9 N/mm), while the LV + 0.05 (7.7 ± 1.1 MPa) had the highest SBS and the LV + 0.1 had the highest (312.4 ± 17.8 N/mm) among the LV groups. The most frequent failure mode observed was adhesive fracture followed by mixed fracture. No statistical difference was found between the graphene-added groups and the control groups in terms of the , and , except that the was significantly lower in the LR + 0.01 than in the control group. Graphene addition had no significant adverse effect on the stickiness and of both LR and LV.
本研究旨在评估添加石墨烯的正畸粘合剂用于粘结固定保持器的关键物理机械性能和粘结性能。将未添加石墨烯的Transbond LR（3M）和Transbond LV（3M）设为对照组。分别以0.01 wt%、0.05 wt%和0.1 wt%的浓度向LR和LV中添加石墨烯。使用傅里叶变换红外光谱法在24小时内测量未固化样品的粘性（n = 5）和样品的实时转化率（n = 3）。测量硬度和其他机械参数，包括马氏硬度（HM）、压痕模量（EIT）、弹性指数（EI）和蠕变（C）（n = 5）。为了测量剪切粘结强度（SBS），使用模具将粘结复合材料应用于将保持器钢丝粘结到牛切牙的舌面（n = 10）。在光学显微镜下检查SBS测试后的断裂模式。使用方差分析和Tukey检验进行统计分析（α = 0.05）。在LR组中，LR + 0.01显示出最高的SBS（12.6 ± 2.0 MPa）和HM（539.4 ± 17.9 N/mm），而在LV组中，LV + 0.05（7.7 ± 1.1 MPa）具有最高的SBS，LV + 0.1具有最高的HM（312.4 ± 17.8 N/mm）。观察到的最常见失效模式是粘结断裂，其次是混合断裂。在HM、EIT和EI方面，添加石墨烯的组与对照组之间未发现统计学差异，只是LR + 0.01组的C明显低于对照组。添加石墨烯对LR和LV的粘性和C均无显著不利影响。
