Eshetu Misikr Alemu, Goshu Dejuma Yadeta, Kebede Molla Asnake, Negate Hashim Meketa, Habtezghi Abiel Berhe, Gregory Paula Marsh, Wirtu Amenu Tolera, Gemechu Jickssa Mulissa
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman P.O. Box 260, Ethiopia.
Department of Cardiology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 9086, Ethiopia.
J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2024 Aug 19;11(8):253. doi: 10.3390/jcdd11080253.
Congenital heart disease (CHD) encompasses morphofunctional anomalies in the heart and circulatory system present at birth, which may not become apparent until later in life. In Ethiopia, there needs to be more understanding of the prevalence, patterns, and associated complications of CHD malformations. This study aimed to investigate the patterns and complications of CHDs among patients receiving follow-up care at a specialized university referral hospital in Ethiopia.
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 199 patients with CHDs to assess the patterns and complications of defects. Retrospective data were collected from 16,972 patients who had follow-ups at a cardiac clinic in 2021 using medical records, and a statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 24.
The most prevalent types of CHDs in our study population were atrial septal defects (ASDs) at 41.2% (82 cases), ventricular septal defects (VSDs) at 26.6% (53 cases), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDAs) at 9.5% (19 cases). Complications related to CHDs were observed in 69.3% (138) of patients, with 30.7% (61) experiencing a single complication and 39.2% (87) experiencing multiple complications.
This study found a higher prevalence of CHDs in females (77.8%) compared to males, a trend consistent across various atrial and ventricular defect types. Individuals aged 15 to 25 years exhibited the highest incidence of ASD and VSD. Moreover, CHD-related anomalies were present in 69.3% of the patients studied.
先天性心脏病（CHD）包括出生时就存在的心脏和循环系统形态功能异常，这些异常可能在生命后期才会显现出来。在埃塞俄比亚，需要对先天性心脏病畸形的患病率、模式及相关并发症有更多了解。本研究旨在调查埃塞俄比亚一家专业大学附属医院接受随访治疗的先天性心脏病患者的模式及并发症。
对199例先天性心脏病患者进行了一项基于医院的横断面研究，以评估缺陷的模式和并发症。回顾性收集了2021年在心脏科门诊接受随访的16972例患者的病历数据，并使用SPSS 24版进行了统计分析。
在我们的研究人群中，最常见的先天性心脏病类型是房间隔缺损（ASD），占41.2%（82例），室间隔缺损（VSD）占26.6%（53例），动脉导管未闭（PDA）占9.5%（19例）。69.3%（138例）的患者观察到与先天性心脏病相关的并发症，其中30.7%（61例）经历了单一并发症，39.2%（87例）经历了多种并发症。
本研究发现，女性先天性心脏病的患病率（77.8%）高于男性，这一趋势在各种心房和心室缺损类型中均一致。15至25岁的个体房间隔缺损和室间隔缺损的发病率最高。此外，69.3%的研究患者存在与先天性心脏病相关的异常。
