Cotellessa Filippo, Bragazzi Nicola Luigi, Trompetto Carlo, Marinelli Lucio, Mori Laura, Faelli Emanuela, Schenone Cristina, Ceylan Halil İbrahim, Biz Carlo, Ruggieri Pietro, Puce Luca
Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
Sports (Basel). 2024 Jul 30;12(8):210. doi: 10.3390/sports12080210.
External motivational stimuli have been shown to improve athletic performance. However, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying this improvement remain poorly understood. This randomized crossover study investigated the effects of music and verbal encouragement on measures of muscle excitation and myoelectric manifestations of fatigue in the biceps brachii and brachioradialis muscles during an endurance task. Fifteen untrained (mean age 29.57 ± 2.77 years) and 13 trained individuals (mean age 32.92 ± 2.90 years) were included. The endurance task, performed to exhaustion, consisted of keeping the dominant arm flexed to 90 degrees while holding a dumbbell loaded to 80% of 1RM with a supine grip in three randomized conditions: standard, with self-selected music, and with verbal encouragement. The untrained subjects showed an increase in task duration of 15.26% ( < 0.003) with music and 15.85% ( < 0.002) with verbal encouragement compared to the condition without external stimuli. There were no significant differences in the myoelectric manifestations of fatigue between the different conditions. Regarding the muscle excitation metrics, although the mean amplitude, peak value, and area under the curve remained unchanged across conditions, a significant reduction in the trend coefficient, indicating motor unit recruitment over time, was observed with both music (biceps brachii: -10.39%, < 0.001; brachioradialis: -9.40%, < 0.001) and verbal encouragement (biceps brachii: -7.61%, < 0.001; brachioradialis: -6.51%, < 0.001) compared to the standard condition. For the trained participants, no significant differences were observed between conditions in terms of task duration and outcome measures related to muscle excitation and myoelectric manifestations of fatigue, suggesting the possible presence of a ceiling effect on motivation. These results highlight the important role of external motivational stimuli, such as music and verbal encouragement, in improving task performance in untrained subjects, probably through more effective and efficient recruitment of motor units.
外部激励刺激已被证明能提高运动表现。然而，这种提高背后的神经生理机制仍知之甚少。这项随机交叉研究调查了音乐和言语鼓励对耐力任务期间肱二头肌和肱桡肌肌肉兴奋指标以及疲劳肌电表现的影响。研究纳入了15名未经训练的个体（平均年龄29.57±2.77岁）和13名训练有素的个体（平均年龄32.92±2.90岁）。耐力任务进行至 exhaustion，包括在三种随机条件下，仰卧位握住负荷为1RM的80%的哑铃，将优势臂弯曲至90度：标准条件、自选音乐条件和言语鼓励条件。与无外部刺激的条件相比，未经训练的受试者在有音乐时任务持续时间增加了15.26%（<0.003），在有言语鼓励时增加了15.85%（<0.002）。不同条件之间疲劳的肌电表现没有显著差异。关于肌肉兴奋指标，尽管平均振幅、峰值和曲线下面积在各条件下保持不变，但与标准条件相比，音乐（肱二头肌：-10.39%，<0.001；肱桡肌：-9.40%，<0.001）和言语鼓励（肱二头肌：-7.61%，<0.00
