Brito Darlan Quinta, Henke-Oliveira Carlos, Oliveira-Filho Eduardo Cyrino
Faculty UnB at Planaltina, University of Brasília, Brasilia 73345-010, DF, Brazil.
Department of Ecology, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil.
Toxics. 2024 Jul 29;12(8):548. doi: 10.3390/toxics12080548.
In the face of global climate change, there has been an increase in wildfires around the world, highlighting the need for improved firefighting techniques, such as the use of fire retardants (FRs). These products can enter aquatic systems directly or through runoff, posing potential risks to aquatic biota. In this study, the acute toxicity (24-h/48-h EC50) of three distinct FRs (N-Borate, N-Phosphate+, and N-Phosphate-) was assessed on the immobility of freshwater microcrustaceans and . The toxicity of the FRs varied up to two orders of magnitude, all of which presented risks to cladocerans even at dilutions much below those recommended by their manufacturers. Among the tested FRs, N-Phosphate- emerged as the most harmful to both species. Specifically, for , the 24 h EC50 was 0.005% and the 48 h EC50 was 0.0019%, while for , 24 h EC50 was 0.003% and the 48 h EC50 was 0.0023%. With the increasing use of FRs for wildfire control, our study highlights the toxicity of newly formulated FRs to daphniid species and emphasizes the need for further evidence-based evaluations of their effects on freshwater ecosystems, which is crucial for choosing FRs that pose the lowest hazard to zooplankton communities.
面对全球气候变化，世界各地的野火有所增加，这凸显了改进灭火技术的必要性，例如使用阻燃剂（FRs）。这些产品可直接或通过径流进入水生系统，对水生生物群构成潜在风险。在本研究中，评估了三种不同的阻燃剂（N-硼酸盐、N-磷酸盐+和N-磷酸盐-）对淡水微型甲壳类动物活动抑制的急性毒性（24小时/48小时半数有效浓度）。阻燃剂的毒性差异高达两个数量级，即使在远低于其制造商推荐稀释度的情况下，所有阻燃剂对枝角类动物都有风险。在测试的阻燃剂中，N-磷酸盐-对这两个物种的危害最大。具体而言，对于[具体物种1]，24小时半数有效浓度为0.005%，48小时半数有效浓度为0.0019%，而对于[具体物种2]，24小时半数有效浓度为0.003%，48小时半数有效浓度为0.0023%。随着阻燃剂在野火控制中的使用增加，我们的研究突出了新配方阻燃剂对水蚤物种的毒性，并强调需要对其对淡水生态系统的影响进行进一步基于证据的评估，这对于选择对浮游动物群落危害最小的阻燃剂至关重要。
