Zhang Jiale, Wang Xin, Yue Wanlei, Bao Jia, Yao Mengqin, Ge Ling
School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China.
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
Toxics. 2024 Aug 5;12(8):572. doi: 10.3390/toxics12080572.
Microbial degradation is acknowledged as a viable and eco-friendly approach for diminishing residues of neonicotinoid insecticides. This study reports the dominant strain of Md2 that degrades acetamiprid was screened from soil and identified as , and the optimal degradation conditions were determined. Research indicated that the degradation of Md2 to 100 mg/L acetamiprid was 55.30%. Toxicological analyses of acetamiprid and its metabolites subsequently revealed that acetamiprid and its metabolites inhibited the germination of cabbage seed, inhibited the growth of , and induced the production of micronuclei in the root tip cells of faba beans. Based on the analysis of metabolic pathways, it has been determined that the primary metabolic routes of acetamiprid include N-demethylation to form IM-2-1 and oxidative cleavage of the cyanoimino group to produce IM-1-3. Using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, the results showed that acetamiprid and Md2 elevated the relative abundance of , , and , with increases of 10~12%, 6%, and 9%, respectively, while reducing the relative abundance of , , , and , with decreases of 15%, 8%, 32%, and 6%, respectively. The findings will facilitate the safety evaluation of the toxicological properties of neonicotinoid insecticides, their biodegradable metabolites, and associated research on their degradation capabilities.
微生物降解被认为是减少新烟碱类杀虫剂残留的一种可行且环保的方法。本研究报告了从土壤中筛选出的降解啶虫脒的优势菌株Md2，并将其鉴定为[具体菌株名称未给出]，同时确定了最佳降解条件。研究表明，Md2对100 mg/L啶虫脒的降解率为55.30%。随后对啶虫脒及其代谢产物的毒理学分析表明，啶虫脒及其代谢产物抑制了白菜种子的萌发，抑制了[具体生物未给出]的生长，并诱导蚕豆根尖细胞产生微核。基于代谢途径分析，已确定啶虫脒的主要代谢途径包括N-去甲基化形成IM-2-1以及氰基亚氨基的氧化裂解产生IM-1-3。使用16S rRNA高通量测序，结果表明啶虫脒和Md2提高了[具体菌属未给出]、[具体菌属未给出]和[具体菌属未给出]的相对丰度，分别增加了10%~12%、6%和9%，同时降低了[具体菌属未给出]、[具体菌属未给出]、[具体菌属未给出]和[具体菌属未给出]的相对丰度，分别降低了15%、8%、32%和6%。这些发现将有助于对新烟碱类杀虫剂及其可生物降解代谢产物的毒理学特性进行安全评估，以及开展相关降解能力的研究。
