Vicente José Salvador, Valdés-Hernández Jesús, Marco-Jiménez Francisco
Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
Vet Sci. 2024 Aug 1;11(8):347. doi: 10.3390/vetsci11080347.
Assisted reproduction technologies (ARTs) are generally considered safe; however, emerging evidence highlights the need to evaluate potential risks in adulthood to improve safety further. ART procedures like rederivation of embryos by vitrification differ from natural conditions, causing significant disparities between in vitro and in vivo embryos, affecting foetal physiology and postnatal life. This study aims to investigate whether hepatic transcriptome and metabolome changes observed postnatally are already present in foetal livers at the end of gestation. This study compared fresh and vitrified rabbit embryos, finding differences between foetuses obtained by the transfer of fresh and vitrified embryos at 24 days of gestation. Rederived embryos had reduced foetal and liver weights and crown-rump length. However, the offspring of vitrified embryos tended to be born with higher weight, showing compensatory growth in the final week of gestation (59.2 vs. 49.8 g). RNA-Seq analysis revealed 43 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the foetal liver of vitrified embryos compared to the fresh group. Notably, downregulated genes included BRAT1, CYP4A7, CYP2B4, RPL23, RPL22L1, PPILAL1, A1BG, IFGGC1, LRRC57, DIPP2, UGT2B14, IRGM1, NUTF2, MPST, and PPP1R1B, while upregulated genes included ACOT8, ERICH3, UBXN2A, METTL9, ALDH3A2, DERPC-like, NR5A2-like, AP-1, COG8, INHBE, and PLA2G4C. Overall, a functional annotation of these DEGs indicated an involvement in lipid metabolism and the stress and inflammatory process or immune response. Thus, our results suggest that vitrification and embryo transfer manipulation induce an adaptive response that can be observed in the liver during the last week of gestation.
辅助生殖技术（ARTs）通常被认为是安全的；然而，新出现的证据凸显了评估成年期潜在风险以进一步提高安全性的必要性。诸如通过玻璃化对胚胎进行重新衍生等ART程序不同于自然条件，导致体外胚胎与体内胚胎之间存在显著差异，影响胎儿生理和出生后的生活。本研究旨在调查出生后观察到的肝脏转录组和代谢组变化在妊娠末期的胎儿肝脏中是否已经存在。本研究比较了新鲜和玻璃化的兔胚胎，发现在妊娠24天时通过移植新鲜和玻璃化胚胎获得的胎儿之间存在差异。重新衍生的胚胎的胎儿和肝脏重量以及顶臀长度有所减少。然而，玻璃化胚胎的后代出生时体重往往更高，在妊娠最后一周表现出代偿性生长（59.2克对49.8克）。RNA测序分析显示，与新鲜组相比，玻璃化胚胎的胎儿肝脏中有43个差异表达基因（DEGs）。值得注意的是，下调的基因包括BRAT1、CYP4A7、CYP2B4、RPL23、RPL22L1、PPILAL1、A1BG、IFGGC1、LRRC57、DIPP2,、UGT2B14、IRGM1、NUTF2、MPST和PPP1R1B，而上调的基因包括ACOT8、ERICH3、UBXN2A、METTL9、ALDH3A2、DERPC样、NR5A2样、AP - 1、COG8、INHBE和PLA2G4C。总体而言，这些DEGs的功能注释表明它们参与脂质代谢以及应激和炎症过程或免疫反应。因此，我们的结果表明，玻璃化和胚胎移植操作会诱导一种适应性反应，这种反应在妊娠最后一周可在肝脏中观察到。
