Department of Mathematics, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia.
Statistics Department, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
PLoS One. 2024 Aug 28;19(8):e0309226. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309226. eCollection 2024.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become more common in recent decades, putting significant strain on healthcare systems worldwide. CKD is a global health issue that can lead to severe complications such as kidney failure and death.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the actual causes of the alarming increase of kidney failure cases in Saudi Arabia using the supersaturated design analysis and edge design analysis.
A cross-sectional questionnaire was distributed to the general population in the KSA, and data were collected using Google Forms. A total of 401 responses were received. To determine the actual causes of kidney failure, edge and supersaturated designs analysis methods were used, which resulted in statistical significance. All variables were studied from factor h1 to factor h18 related to the causes of kidney failure.
The supersaturated analysis method revealed that the reasons for the increase in kidney failure cases are as follows: h9(Bad diet), h8(Recurrent urinary tract infection), h1 (Not drinking fluids), h6 (Lack of exercise), h14 (drinking from places not designated for valleys and reefs), h18 (Rheumatic diseases), h10 (Smoking and alcohol consumption), h13 (Direct damage to the kidneys), h2 (take medications), h17 (excessive intake of soft drinks), h12 (Infection), h5 (heart disease), h3 (diabetes), h4 (pressure disease), h15 (Dyes used in X-rays), and h11 (The presence of kidney stones) are all valid. The design analysis method by edges revealed that the following factors contributed to an increase in kidney failure cases: h8 (Recurrent urinary tract infection), h6 (Lack of exercise), h7 (Obesity), and h11.
The findings showed that there were causes of kidney failure that led to the statistical significance, which is h8 (Recurrent urinary tract infection) and h11 (The presence of kidney stones).
慢性肾脏病（CKD）在近几十年来变得更为普遍，给全球的医疗体系带来了巨大的压力。CKD 是一个全球性的健康问题，可导致严重的并发症，如肾衰竭和死亡。
本研究旨在使用超饱和设计分析和边缘设计分析来调查导致沙特阿拉伯肾衰竭病例惊人增加的实际原因。
对沙特阿拉伯的一般人群进行了横断面问卷调查，使用 Google 表单收集数据。共收到 401 份回复。为了确定肾衰竭的实际原因，使用了边缘和超饱和设计分析方法，结果具有统计学意义。所有变量都从与肾衰竭原因相关的因子 h1 到因子 h18 进行了研究。
超饱和分析方法表明，肾衰竭病例增加的原因如下：h9（不良饮食）、h8（反复尿路感染）、h1（不饮水）、h6（缺乏运动）、h14（在非指定的山谷和珊瑚礁处饮水）、h18（风湿性疾病）、h10（吸烟和饮酒）、h13（直接对肾脏造成损害）、h2（服用药物）、h17（过量饮用软饮料）、h12（感染）、h5（心脏病）、h3（糖尿病）、h4（高血压疾病）、h15（用于 X 射线的染料）和 h11（肾结石）均成立。边缘设计分析方法表明，以下因素导致肾衰竭病例增加：h8（反复尿路感染）、h6（缺乏运动）、h7（肥胖）和 h11。
研究结果表明，存在导致统计学意义的肾衰竭原因，即 h8（反复尿路感染）和 h11（肾结石）。
