Institutionalisation and the outcome of functional psychoses.

The outcome in patients receiving long-term in-patient care for manic-depressive psychosis was compared with that in long-stay schizophrenic in-patients and discharged schizophrenic patients. The manic-depressive and schizophrenic in-patients differed in terms of positive and negative features and in the pattern of behaviour, but were equally cognitively impaired. The pattern of behaviour in both schizophrenic groups was the same. The results offer some support for the use of outcome as a validating criterion for the diagnosis of schizophrenia.