Deficits of chronic schizophrenia in relation to long-term hospitalization.

Eighty chronic schizophrenic and 16 manic-depressive psychotic patients conforming to Research Diagnostic Criteria were examined in terms of their mental state, cognitive functioning, current behaviour, and neurological status. They comprised out-patients, day-care patients, and long-stay in-patients belonging to two mental hospitals with different social conditions. Assessed deficits were not significantly related to record variables such as age, duration of illness, duration of hospitalisation, or treatment received. Analysis of the different groups of patients reveals that long-term hospital care has had little effect on the deficits of chronic schizophrenia, and suggests that these are integral features of the disease process.