Recent advancements in biomarkers, therapeutics, and associated challenges in acute myeloid leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common type of leukemia that has a high mortality rate. The reasons for high mortality in patients with AML are therapeutic resistance, limited ability to predict duration of response, and likelihood of cancer relapse. Biomarkers, such as leukemic stem cell biomarkers, circulatory biomarkers, measurable residual disease biomarkers, and molecular biomarkers, are used for prognosis, diagnosis, and targeted killing to selectively eliminate AML cells. They also play an indispensable role in providing therapeutic resistance to patients with AML. Therefore, targeting these biomarkers will improve the outcome of AML patients. However, identifying biomarkers that can differentiate between treatment-responsive and non-responsive AML patients remains a challenge. This review discusses recent advancements in AML biomarkers, promising therapeutics, and associated challenges in the treatment of AML.