Babighian Silvia, Gattazzo Irene, Zanella Maria Sole, Galan Alessandro, D'Esposito Fabiana, Musa Mutali, Gagliano Caterina, Lapenna Lucia, Zeppieri Marco
Department of Ophthalmology, Ospedale Sant'Antonio, Azienda Ospedaliera, 35127 Padova, Italy.
Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG) Unit, Imperial College, 153-173 Marylebone Rd, London NW15QH, UK.
Biomedicines. 2024 Jul 25;12(8):1655. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12081655.
Glaucoma is a major cause of incurable ocular morbidity and poses significant challenges in its management due to the limited treatment options and potential adverse effects. Nicotinamide, a naturally occurring diet-rich nutrient, has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent for glaucoma, offering neuroprotective effects and the potential modulation of intraocular pressure (IOP) regulation pathways. This comprehensive review sought to analyze the current literature on nicotinamide in glaucoma management, exploring its mechanisms of action, efficacy, and safety profile.
A systematic search of the PubMed database was conducted to identify relevant records on the therapeutic actions of nicotinamide in ocular hypertension and glaucoma. Publications evaluating nicotinamide's effects on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), optic nerve function, IOP regulation, and neuroinflammatory pathways were included.
The literature review revealed the preclinical evidence supporting nicotinamide's neuroprotective effects on RGCs, the preservation of optic nerve integrity, and the modulation of glaucoma-associated neuroinflammation. Additionally, nicotinamide may exert IOP-lowering effects through its influence on ocular blood flow and aqueous humor dynamics.
Nicotinamide holds promise as a novel therapeutic approach in glaucoma management, offering potential neuroprotective and IOP-lowering effects. The authors recommend more research to determine the nicotinamide efficacy, safe dosing parameters, and any long-term safety concerns in glaucoma patients.
青光眼是导致不可治愈性眼部疾病的主要原因，由于治疗选择有限和潜在的不良反应，其管理面临重大挑战。烟酰胺是一种天然存在于富含营养的食物中的营养素，已成为一种有前景的青光眼治疗药物，具有神经保护作用，并可能调节眼压（IOP）调节途径。本综述旨在分析当前关于烟酰胺在青光眼管理中的文献，探讨其作用机制、疗效和安全性。
对PubMed数据库进行系统检索，以识别关于烟酰胺在高眼压症和青光眼中治疗作用的相关记录。纳入评估烟酰胺对视网膜神经节细胞（RGC）、视神经功能、眼压调节和神经炎症途径影响的出版物。
文献综述揭示了支持烟酰胺对RGC具有神经保护作用、对视神经完整性的保护以及对青光眼相关神经炎症调节的临床前证据。此外，烟酰胺可能通过影响眼血流和房水动力学发挥降低眼压的作用。
烟酰胺有望成为青光眼管理的一种新型治疗方法，具有潜在的神经保护和降低眼压作用。作者建议进行更多研究，以确定烟酰胺在青光眼患者中的疗效、安全给药参数以及任何长期安全性问题。
