Davani Lara, Terenzi Cristina, De Simone Angela, Tumiatti Vincenzo, Andrisano Vincenza, Montanari Serena
Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Corso D'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy.
Department of Drug Science and Technology University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy.
Foods. 2024 Aug 11;13(16):2509. doi: 10.3390/foods13162509.
Monacolin K (MK), in red yeast rice (RYR) in the forms of lactone (LMK) and hydroxy acid (AMK), is known for its anti-hypercholesterolemic activity. Under the rising demand for natural bioactive molecules, we present a green ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) optimization study for MK in RYR. The development and validation of a fast, sensitive, selective, reproducible, and accurate ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) method coupled to diode array detection for LMK and AMK allowed us to evaluate the MK recovery in different extract media. Firstly, the ethanol comparability to acetonitrile was assessed (recovery of 80.7 ± 0.1% for ethanol and 85.5 ± 0.2% for acetonitrile). Then, water/ethanol mixtures, with decreasing percentages of organic solvent, were tested by modulating temperature and extraction times. Water extractions at 80 °C for 10 min produced MK yield > 85%. Thus, UAE conditions were optimized by a DOE study using a water-based formulation (mouthwash). The optimal total MK extraction yield (86.6 ± 0.4%) was found under the following conditions: 80 °C, 45 min, 5 mg mL (RYR powder/solvent). Therefore, the new single-process green approach allowed the simultaneous direct extraction of MK and mouthwash enrichment (MK concentration = 130.0 ± 0.6 µg mL), which might be tested for the prevention and treatment of periodontitis or oral candidiasis.
莫纳可林K（MK）以内酯（LMK）和羟酸（AMK）的形式存在于红曲米（RYR）中，因其抗高胆固醇活性而闻名。在对天然生物活性分子需求不断增加的情况下，我们开展了一项针对红曲米中莫纳可林K的绿色超声辅助提取（UAE）优化研究。一种快速、灵敏、选择性好、可重现且准确的超高效液相色谱（UHPLC）方法结合二极管阵列检测用于分析LMK和AMK，该方法的开发与验证使我们能够评估不同提取介质中莫纳可林K的回收率。首先，评估了乙醇与乙腈的可比性（乙醇的回收率为80.7±0.1%，乙腈的回收率为85.5±0.2%）。然后，通过调节温度和提取时间，对有机溶剂百分比逐渐降低的水/乙醇混合物进行了测试。在80℃下提取10分钟，水提取法得到的莫纳可林K产率>85%。因此，通过使用水基配方（漱口水）的DOE研究对超声辅助提取条件进行了优化。在以下条件下发现了最佳的总莫纳可林K提取产率（86.6±0.4%）：80℃、45分钟、5毫克/毫升（红曲米粉/溶剂）。因此，这种新的单步绿色方法能够同时直接提取莫纳可林K并富集漱口水（莫纳可林K浓度=130.0±0.6微克/毫升），这可能用于牙周炎或口腔念珠菌病的预防和治疗测试。
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