Malagutti Elisa, Pinho Sabrina Guarda Botelho, Thomazini Marcelo, Tapia-Blácido Delia Rita, Martelli Tosi Milena
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto CEP 14040-901, São Paulo, Brazil.
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Rua Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga CEP 13635-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
Foods. 2024 Aug 20;13(16):2604. doi: 10.3390/foods13162604.
Liposomes coated with chitosan by ionic gelation with tripolyphosphate (TPP-chitosomes) are interesting particles for stabilizing active compounds. However, the encapsulation condition must be optimized. The aim of this study was to optimize the encapsulation of phenolics and carotenoids of carrot pomace in TPP-chitosomes by using a Central Composite Design 2 and response surface methodology. The independent variables were the phospholipid (0.8-4.2 mg/mL), chitosan (2.6-9.4 mg/mL), and carrot pomace (4-14 g/100 mL of ethanol) concentrations; the responses were the encapsulation efficiency in TPP-chitosomes (EE) of phenolics, a-carotene, and b-carotene and the particle size and zeta potential of the particles. The zeta potential ranged from +17 to +37 mV, indicating that the liposomes were coated with chitosan and that the particle sizes were in the nanometric to submicrometric scale. The optimized condition for encapsulating carotenoids was 2.5 mg/mL phospholipids, 6.0 mg/mL chitosan, and 12 g of carrot pomace/100 mL of ethanol. In this condition, the EE of phenolics and α- and β-carotene was 95%, 98%, and 99%, respectively. Therefore, TPP-chitosomes containing encapsulated phenolics and carotenoids, which can be obtained from agro-industrial by-products, have potential application as natural pigments in food or cosmetics. TPP-chitosomes can also be used to encapsulate other types of natural pigments.
通过与三聚磷酸钠进行离子凝胶化反应包覆壳聚糖的脂质体（TPP-壳聚糖脂质体）是用于稳定活性化合物的有趣颗粒。然而，包封条件必须进行优化。本研究的目的是通过使用中心复合设计2和响应面方法来优化胡萝卜渣中酚类和类胡萝卜素在TPP-壳聚糖脂质体中的包封。自变量为磷脂（0.8 - 4.2 mg/mL）、壳聚糖（2.6 - 9.4 mg/mL）和胡萝卜渣（4 - 14 g/100 mL乙醇）的浓度；响应值为酚类、α-胡萝卜素和β-胡萝卜素在TPP-壳聚糖脂质体中的包封效率（EE）以及颗粒的粒径和zeta电位。zeta电位范围为 +17至 +37 mV，表明脂质体已被壳聚糖包覆，且粒径处于纳米至亚微米尺度。包封类胡萝卜素的优化条件为2.5 mg/mL磷脂、6.0 mg/mL壳聚糖和12 g胡萝卜渣/100 mL乙醇。在此条件下，酚类以及α-和β-胡萝卜素的EE分别为95%、98%和99%。因此，含有包封酚类和类胡萝卜素的TPP-壳聚糖脂质体可从农业工业副产品中获得，并具有作为食品或化妆品中天然色素的潜在应用。TPP-壳聚糖脂质体也可用于包封其他类型的天然色素。
