Gómez-Peralta Fernando, Pinés-Corrales Pedro J, Santos Estefanía, Cuesta Martín, González-Albarrán Olga, Azriel Sharona
Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Hospital General de Segovia, 40003 Segovia, Spain.
Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02008 Albacete, Spain.
J Clin Med. 2024 Aug 16;13(16):4839. doi: 10.3390/jcm13164839.
Diabetes is a complex and rapidly growing disease with heterogeneous clinical presentations. Recent advances in molecular and genetic technologies have led to the identification of various subtypes of diabetes. These advancements offer the potential for a more precise, individualized approach to treatment, known as precision medicine. Recognizing high-risk phenotypes and intervening early and intensively is crucial. A staging system for type 1 diabetes has been proposed and accepted globally. In this article, we will explore the different methods for categorizing and classifying type 2 diabetes (T2D) based on clinical characteristics, progression patterns, risk of complications, and the use of molecular techniques for patient grouping. We, as a team of experts, will also present an easy-to-follow treatment plan and guidance for non-specialists, particularly primary care physicians, that integrates the classification and staging of diabetes. This will help ensure that the most suitable therapy is applied to the different types of T2D at each stage of the disease's progression.
糖尿病是一种复杂且迅速发展的疾病，临床表现具有异质性。分子和基因技术的最新进展已促使人们识别出糖尿病的各种亚型。这些进展为采用更精确、个性化的治疗方法（即精准医学）提供了可能。识别高危表型并尽早进行强化干预至关重要。1型糖尿病的分期系统已被提出并在全球范围内得到认可。在本文中，我们将探讨基于临床特征、进展模式、并发症风险以及用于患者分组的分子技术对2型糖尿病（T2D）进行分类和分型的不同方法。作为一个专家团队，我们还将为非专科医生，尤其是初级保健医生，提供一个易于遵循的治疗计划和指导，该计划整合了糖尿病的分类和分期。这将有助于确保在疾病进展的每个阶段，为不同类型的T2D应用最合适的治疗方法。
