Gallego Alejandra, Olivares-Arancibia Jorge, Yáñez-Sepúlveda Rodrigo, Gutiérrez-Espinoza Héctor, López-Gil José Francisco
Department of Applied Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
AFySE Group, Research in Physical Activity and School Health, School of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 7500975, Chile.
Children (Basel). 2024 Aug 21;11(8):1020. doi: 10.3390/children11081020.
This study aimed to analyze the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES), poverty rate, and the prevalence of overweight/obesity or obesity in children and adolescents aged 2-14.
Parents or guardians reported the weight and height of participants, used to calculate body mass index (BMI) and BMI z-scores according to the International Obesity Task Force standards. Participants were categorized into "overweight/obesity" and "no overweight/obesity" and further into "obesity" and "no obesity". The rate of poverty rate was determined using data from the National Statistics Institute of Spain, defining it as the percentage of people with income below 60% of the national median. SES was based on the head of household's occupation and categorized into low, medium, and high levels.
Adjusted multilevel models showed participants with medium or high SES had lower odds of overweight/obesity compared to those with low SES (medium SES: odds ratio [OR]: 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.54-0.73; high SES: OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.49-0.70). Participants in the high-poverty group had higher odds of having overweight/obesity (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.13-1.74) compared to the low-poverty group.
The study highlights significant socioeconomic disparities in childhood overweight/obesity, emphasizing the potential impact of SES and poverty on health outcomes in Spanish children and adolescents.
本研究旨在分析社会经济地位（SES）、贫困率与2至14岁儿童及青少年超重/肥胖或单纯肥胖患病率之间的关系。
父母或监护人报告参与者的体重和身高，根据国际肥胖特别工作组的标准用于计算体重指数（BMI）和BMI z评分。参与者被分为“超重/肥胖”和“非超重/肥胖”，并进一步分为“肥胖”和“非肥胖”。贫困率使用西班牙国家统计局的数据确定，将其定义为收入低于国家中位数60%的人口百分比。SES基于户主的职业，分为低、中、高三个水平。
调整后的多水平模型显示，与低SES参与者相比，中或高SES参与者超重/肥胖的几率较低（中等SES：优势比[OR]：0.63，95%置信区间[CI]：0.54 - 0.73；高SES：OR：0.59，95%CI：0.49 - 0.70）。与低贫困组相比，高贫困组参与者超重/肥胖的几率更高（OR：1.40，95%CI：1.13 - 1.74）。
该研究突出了儿童超重/肥胖方面显著的社会经济差异，强调了SES和贫困对西班牙儿童及青少年健康结果的潜在影响。
