Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland.
Molecules. 2024 Aug 7;29(16):3732. doi: 10.3390/molecules29163732.
Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a dynamic, chronic disease of the ocular surface and ocular appendages caused by inflammation. The most common symptoms include redness, itching, and blurred vision, resulting from dysfunction of the meibomian glands and impaired tear-film production. Factors contributing to the development of DES include environmental elements, such as UV radiation, and internal elements, such as hormonal imbalances. These factors increase oxidative stress, which exacerbates inflammation on the surface of the eye and accelerates the development of DES. In recent years, the incidence of DES has risen, leading to a greater need to develop effective treatments. Current treatments for dry eye are limited and primarily focus on alleviating individual symptoms, such as reducing inflammation of the ocular surface. However, it is crucial to understand the pathomechanism of the disease and tailor treatment to address the underlying causes to achieve the best possible therapeutic outcomes. Therefore, in this review, we analyzed the impact of oxidative stress on the development of DES to gain a better understanding of its pathomechanism and examined recently developed nanosystems that allow drugs to be delivered directly to the disease site.
干眼症（DES）是一种由炎症引起的眼表和眼附属器的动态、慢性疾病。最常见的症状包括发红、瘙痒和视力模糊，这是由于睑板腺功能障碍和泪膜产生受损所致。导致 DES 发展的因素包括环境因素，如紫外线辐射，以及内部因素，如激素失衡。这些因素会增加氧化应激，加剧眼睛表面的炎症，并加速 DES 的发展。近年来，DES 的发病率上升，因此需要开发更有效的治疗方法。目前干眼症的治疗方法有限，主要集中在缓解个体症状上，如减轻眼表面炎症。然而，了解疾病的发病机制并针对潜在病因进行治疗以实现最佳治疗效果至关重要。因此，在本综述中，我们分析了氧化应激对 DES 发展的影响，以更好地了解其发病机制，并研究了最近开发的纳米系统，使药物能够直接输送到疾病部位。
